ArticlePediatric obesity2014
The contribution of feeding mode to obesogenic growth trajectories in American Samoan infants.
Article in Pediatric obesity, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modifiable Determinants of Obesity in Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Youth.Hawai'i journal of medicine & public health : a journal of Asia Pacific Medicine & Public Health · 2016Pooled it
- Breastfeeding Practices among Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders.Journal of obesity · 2016Pooled it
- A group prenatal care intervention reduces gestational weight gain and gestational diabetes in American Samoan women.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2024Trial
- Following the World Health Organization's Recommendation of Exclusive Breastfeeding to 6 Months of Age Does Not Impact the Growth of Rural Gambian Infants.The Journal of nutrition · 2017Trial
- Multilevel factors influencing child overweight and obesity in the Pacific Islands.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Review
- Article
- Effect of maternal nutrient intake during 31-37 weeks gestation on offspring body composition in Samoa.Annals of human biology · 2020Article
- A Study of Fecal Calprotectin in Obese Children and Adults.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2018Article
- Exploring the association between maternal prenatal multivitamin use and early infant growth: The Healthy Start Study.Pediatric obesity · 2016Article
- Gestational weight gain among American Samoan women and its impact on delivery and infant outcomes.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2015Article
- Barriers to adequate prenatal care utilization in American Samoa.Maternal and child health journal · 2014Article
- Longitudinal changes in infant body composition: association with childhood obesity.Pediatric obesity · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledWhat is already known about this subject Samoan adults are recognized for their particularly high body mass index and prevalent obesity. While Polynesians are understudied, in other populations infancy is a critical period in the development of obesity. Breastfeeding has been shown to attenuate obesity risk. What this study adds Samoan infants show remarkably rapid gain in weight but not length in early infancy resulting in a prevalence of overweight and obesity far higher than has been previously reported elsewhere. Breastfeeding is associated with slower weight gain in infancy suggesting that its protective benefits for obesity risk are generalizable outside of European-derived populations.
backgroundSamoans are recognized for their particularly high body mass index and prevalent adult obesity but infants are understudied.
objectiveTo examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and determine the contribution of feeding mode to obesogenic growth trajectories in American Samoan infants.
methodsData were extracted from the well baby records of 795 (n = 417 male) Samoan infants aged 0-15 months. Mixed-effects growth models were used to produce individual weight and length curves. Further mixed-effects models were fitted with feeding mode (breastfed, formula- or mixed-fed) as a single observation at age 4 (±2) months. Weight and length values were converted to z-scores according to the Centers for Disease Control 2000 reference.
resultsAt 15 months, 23.3% of boys and 16.7% of girls were obese (weight-for-length > 95th percentile). Feeding mode had a significant effect on weight and length trajectories. Formula-fed infants gained weight and length faster than breastfed infants. Formula-fed boys were significantly more likely to be obese at 15 months (38.6%) than breastfed boys (23.4%), χ(2) = 8.4, P < 0.01, odds ratio = 2.05, 95% confidence interval (1.04, 4.05).
conclusionObesity in American Samoans is not confined to adults. Obesity prevention efforts should be targeted at early life and promotion of breastfeeding may be a suitable intervention target.
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