ArticleNature communications2013
The microbiome extends to subepidermal compartments of normal skin.
Article in Nature communications, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 215 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
215 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 449 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic literature review of the human skin microbiome as biomarker for dermatological drug development.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis on Staphylococcus aureus carriage in psoriasis, acne and rosacea.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2016Pooled it
- Topical Mupirocin Treatment Reduces Interferon and Myeloid Signatures in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematous Lesions Through Targeting of Staphylococcus Species.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Trial
- Biodiversity intervention enhances immune regulation and health-associated commensal microbiota among daycare children.Science advances · 2020Trial
- From stem cells protection to skin microbiota balance: Orobanche rapum extract, a new natural strategy.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2019Trial
- The Bacterial Landscape of Facial Skin: From Homeostasis to Skin Conditions.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Review
- Omics-based decoding of molecular and metabolic crosstalk in the skin barrier ecosystem.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Review
- Review
- Microbial species in deep tissue lesions of Hurley stage III hidradenitis suppurativa: a retrospective observational study.BMC microbiology · 2026Observational
- Cutaneous lupus erythematosus - from pathogenesis to targeted therapy.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2025Review
- The gut-skin axis: a bi-directional, microbiota-driven relationship with therapeutic potential.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Wounds and the Microbiota: The Healing Interplay Between Host and Microbial Communities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Tertiary Lymphoid Organs at the Center Stage of Skin's Humoral Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Alternatives Integrating Omics Approaches for the Advancement of Human Skin Models: A Focus on Metagenomics, Metatranscriptomics, and Metaproteomics.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Dynamic changes of gut and skin microbiota in pancreatic cancer-induced skin injury.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Skin-Dwelling Bacteria Survive Preoperative Skin Preparation in Reconstruction Surgery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Phenotypic and Genotypic Bacterial Virulence and Resistance Profiles in Hidradenitis Suppurativa.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Allergens in Atopic Dermatitis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
155 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Commensal microbes on the skin surface influence the behaviour of cells below the epidermis. We hypothesized that bacteria or their products exist below the surface epithelium and thus permit physical interaction between microbes and dermal cells. Here to test this hypothesis, we employed multiple independent detection techniques for bacteria including quantitative PCR, Gram staining, immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization. Bacteria were consistently detectable within the dermis and dermal adipose of normal human skin. Sequencing of DNA from dermis and dermal adipose tissue identified bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA reflective of a diverse and partially distinct microbial community in each skin compartment. These results show the microbiota extends within the dermis, therefore, enabling physical contact between bacteria and various cells below the basement membrane. These observations show that normal commensal bacterial communities directly communicate with the host in a tissue previously thought to be sterile.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.