ArticleWorld journal of hepatology2013
Diagnosis and management of bacterial infections in decompensated cirrhosis.
Article in World journal of hepatology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances and controversies in acute decompensated heart failure treatment: beta-blocker roles, emerging devices, and future directions.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Gut‑liver axis in liver disease: From basic science to clinical treatment (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Bacterial Infections in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: Prevalence, Predictors, and in-Hospital Mortality at a District Hospital in Ghana.Rwanda journal of medicine and health sciences · 2022Article
- Dynamic Gene Clusters Mediating Carbapenem-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Interpretable Sub-phenotype Identification in Acute Kidney Injury.AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2022Article
- Antibiotics and Liver Cirrhosis: What the Physicians Need to Know.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Technical and Medium-Term Clinical Outcomes of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt with Fluoroscopy and Additional Trans-abdominal Ultrasound Guidance.The Indian journal of radiology & imaging · 2021Article
- A bridge for short-chain fatty acids to affect inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease positively: by changing gut barrier.European journal of nutrition · 2021Review
- [Pathogenic bacteria characteristics and antimicrobial treatment plan for liver cirrhosis combined with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2021Article
- The value of ascitic neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in decompensated liver cirrhosis with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2020Article
- Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients in Lviv (Ukraine).Journal of translational internal medicine · 2018Article
- Combination of PCT, sNFI and dCHC for the diagnosis of ascites infection in cirrhotic patients.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- An Insight into Antibiotic Resistance to Bacterial Infection in Chronic Liver Disease.Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology · 2017Article
- Intestinal permeability in a patient with liver cirrhosis.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2016Review
- Response to the NCEPOD report: development of a care bundle for patients admitted with decompensated cirrhosis-the first 24 h.Frontline gastroenterology · 2016Review
- Multiresistant bacterial infections in liver cirrhosis: Clinical impact and new empirical antibiotic treatment policies.World journal of hepatology · 2015Article
- Appropriate empirical antibiotic use and 30-d mortality in cirrhotic patients with bacteremia.World journal of gastroenterology · 2015Article
- Measurement of serum procalcitonin levels for the early diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Multi-resistant bacteria in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a new step in management?World journal of gastroenterology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial infections are one of the most frequent complications in cirrhosis and result in high mortality rates. Patients with cirrhosis have altered and impaired immunity, which favours bacterial translocation. Episodes of infections are more frequent in patients with decompensated cirrhosis than those with compensated liver disease. The most common and life-threatening infection in cirrhosis is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis followed by urinary tract infections, pneumonia, endocarditis and skin and soft-tissue infections. Patients with decompensated cirrhosis have increased risk of developing sepsis, multiple organ failure and death. Risk factors associated with the development of infections are severe liver failure, variceal bleeding, low ascitic protein level and prior episodes of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). The prognosis of these patients is closely related to a prompt and accurate diagnosis. An appropriate treatment decreases the mortality rates. Preventive strategies are the mainstay of the management of these patients. Empirical antibiotics should be started immediately following the diagnosis of SBP and the first-line antibiotic treatment is third-generation cephalosporins. However, the efficacy of currently recommended empirical antibiotic therapy is very low in nosocomial infections including SBP, compared to community-acquired episodes. This may be associated with the emergence of infections caused by Enterococcus faecium and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, which are resistant to the first line antimicrobial agents used for treatment. The emergence of resistant bacteria, underlines the need to restrict the use of prophylactic antibiotics to patients with the greatest risk of infections. Nosocomial infections should be treated with wide spectrum antibiotics. Further studies of early diagnosis, prevention and treatment are needed to improve the outcomes in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.
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