ArticlePloS one2013
Associations between dietary intake of choline and betaine and lung cancer risk.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary Choline and Betaine Are Not Associated With the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Pooled it
- Choline and betaine consumption lowers cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies.Scientific reports · 2016Pooled it
- Choline-An Essential Nutrient with Health Benefits and a Signaling Molecule.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Interactions between folate metabolism-related nutrients and polymorphisms on colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study in the Basque country.European journal of nutrition · 2024Observational
- Betaine and I-LG may have a predictive value for ATB: A causal study in a large European population.PloS one · 2024Article
- Association between nutrient intake related to the one-carbon metabolism and colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study in the Basque Country.European journal of nutrition · 2023Observational
- Dietary choline and sphingomyelin choline moiety intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a case-control study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Whole genome sequencing of the halophilic Halomonas qaidamensis XH36, a novel species strain with high ectoine production.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2022Article
- Screening human lung cancer with predictive models of serum magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolomics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Plasma Metabolomic Profiling of Patients Recovered From Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) With Pulmonary Sequelae 3 Months After Discharge.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Betaine host-guest complexation with a calixarene receptor: enhancedRSC advances · 2021Article
- Role of betaine in inhibiting the induction of RNA Pol III gene transcription and cell growth caused by alcohol.Chemico-biological interactions · 2020Article
- Conventional and Unconventional Therapeutic Strategies for Sialidosis Type I.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Microbiome and Functional Analysis of a Traditional Food Process: Isolation of a Novel Species (Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Betaine suppresses cell proliferation by increasing oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and inflammation in DU-145 human prostate cancer cell line.Cell stress & chaperones · 2019Article
- Dietary choline and betaine intakes and risk of total and lethal prostate cancer in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2019Article
- Betaine in Inflammation: Mechanistic Aspects and Applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Article
- Neuroprotective Actions of Dietary Choline.Nutrients · 2017Review
- Choline, Other Methyl-Donors and Epigenetics.Nutrients · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Evidence from human and animal research indicates that choline metabolic pathways may be activated during a variety of diseases, including cancer. We report results of a case-control study of 2821 lung cancer cases and 2923 controls that assessed associations of choline and betaine dietary intakes with lung cancer. Using multivariable logistic regression analyses, we report a significant association between higher betaine intake and lower lung cancer risk that varied by smoking status. Specifically, no significant association was observed between betaine intake and lung cancer among never-smokers. However, higher betaine intake was significantly associated with reduced lung cancer risk among smokers, and the protective effect was more evident among current than former smokers: for former and current smokers, the ORs (95% CI) of lung cancer for individuals with highest as compared to lowest quartiles of intake were 0.70(0.55-0.88) and 0.51(0.39-0.66) respectively. Significant linear trend of higher betaine intake and lower lung cancer risk was observed among both former (p(trend) = 0.002) and current (p(trend)<0.0001) smokers. A similar protective effect was also observed with choline intake both in overall analysis as well as among current smokers, with p-values for chi-square tests being 0.001 and 0.004 respectively, but the effect was less evident, as no linear trend was observed. Our results suggest that choline and betaine intake, especially higher betaine intake, may be protective against lung cancer through mitigating the adverse effect of smoking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.