ArticlePLoS pathogens2013
Kinetics of antigen expression and epitope presentation during virus infection.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Emerging Role of TIM3 Expression on T Cells in Chronic Kidney Inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Regulatory T cells: From Foxp3 to tolerance-inducing therapies.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2026Review
- Advances in predicting T cell epitope recognition for cancer immunotherapy.Nature cancer · 2026Review
- A poxvirus model reveals general correlates of antigen presentation and immunogenicity for viral CD8Science advances · 2025Article
- Engineering Anti-Tumor Immunity: An Immunological Framework for mRNA Cancer Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Cut or bind? Antigen-specific processing mechanisms define CD4Genome medicine · 2025Article
- Emerging strategies for monkeypox: antigen and antibody applications in diagnostics, vaccines, and treatments.Military Medical Research · 2025Review
- Validation and quantification of peptide antigens presented on MHCs using SureQuant.Nature protocols · 2025Review
- Engineered Proteins and Chemical Tools to Probe the Cell Surface Proteome.Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- Lack of immunogenicity for an influenza-derived peptide across the HLA-B44 supertype molecules.Clinical & translational immunology · 2025Article
- Identification and relative abundance of naturally presented and cross-reactive influenza A virus MHC class I-restricted T cell epitopes.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- The nuclear export protein XPO1 provides a peptide ligand for natural killer cells.Science advances · 2024Article
- Coxsackievirus infection induces direct pancreatic β cell killing but poor antiviral CD8Science advances · 2024Article
- The HLA-II immunopeptidome of SARS-CoV-2.Cell reports · 2024Article
- mRNA-based Vaccines Targeting the T-cell Epitope-rich Domain of Epstein Barr Virus Latent Proteins Elicit Robust Anti-Tumor Immunity in Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Cryptic MHC-E epitope from influenza elicits a potent cytolytic T cell response.Nature immunology · 2023Article
- Current perspectives on mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidomics: the computational angle to tumor antigen discovery.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Review
- Immunopeptidome profiling of human coronavirus OC43-infected cells identifies CD4 T-cell epitopes specific to seasonal coronaviruses or cross-reactive with SARS-CoV-2.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Why does the immune system destroy pancreatic β-cells but not α-cells in type 1 diabetes?Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2023Review
- HLA-I and HLA-II Peptidomes of SARS-CoV-2: A Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Current knowledge about the dynamics of antigen presentation to T cells during viral infection is very poor despite being of fundamental importance to our understanding of anti-viral immunity. Here we use an advanced mass spectrometry method to simultaneously quantify the presentation of eight vaccinia virus peptide-MHC complexes (epitopes) on infected cells and the amounts of their source antigens at multiple times after infection. The results show a startling 1000-fold range in abundance as well as strikingly different kinetics across the epitopes monitored. The tight correlation between onset of protein expression and epitope display for most antigens provides the strongest support to date that antigen presentation is largely linked to translation and not later degradation of antigens. Finally, we show a complete disconnect between the epitope abundance and immunodominance hierarchy of these eight epitopes. This study highlights the complexity of viral antigen presentation by the host and demonstrates the weakness of simple models that assume total protein levels are directly linked to epitope presentation and immunogenicity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.