ReviewToxins2013
Is protein phosphatase inhibition responsible for the toxic effects of okadaic Acid in animals?
Review in Toxins, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Okadaic acid triggers NFκB and STAT3 phosphorylation followed by a release of inflammatory markers in human and mouse endothelial cells.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Enhanced Toxicity of Diol-Estered Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins Across Trophic Levels: Evidence fromMarine drugs · 2025Article
- Polystyrene Microplastics Can Aggravate the Damage of the Intestinal Microenvironment Caused by Okadaic Acid: A Prevalent Algal Toxin.Marine drugs · 2025Article
- Article
- Marine Algal Toxins and Public Health: Insights from Shellfish and Fish, the Main Biological Vectors.Marine drugs · 2024Review
- Okadaic Acid Is at Least as Toxic as Dinophysistoxin-1 after Repeated Administration to Mice by Gavage.Toxins · 2023Article
- Discovering a New Okadaic Acid Derivative, a Potent HIV Latency Reversing Agent fromMarine drugs · 2023Article
- Acute Toxicity by Oral Co-Exposure to Palytoxin and Okadaic Acid in Mice.Marine drugs · 2022Article
- In Vitro Interactions between Okadaic Acid and Rat Gut Microbiome.Marine drugs · 2022Article
- Current Trends and New Challenges in Marine Phycotoxins.Marine drugs · 2022Review
- The diarrhetic shellfish-poisoning toxin, okadaic acid, provokes gastropathy, dysbiosis and susceptibility to bacterial infection in a non-rodent bioassay, Galleria mellonella.Archives of toxicology · 2021Article
- Identification of 24-Toxins · 2021Article
- Article
- Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulates Human Cytomegalovirus Protein Translation by Restraining AMPK Signaling.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Article
- Degradation of okadaic acid in seawater by UV/TiOThe Science of the total environment · 2020Article
- Scallop mantle toxin induces apoptosis in liver tissues of mice.Food science & nutrition · 2020Article
- Article
- The insect, Galleria mellonella, is a compatible model for evaluating the toxicology of okadaic acid.Cell biology and toxicology · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA) and its derivatives, which are produced by dinoflagellates of the genera Prorocentrum and Dinophysis, are responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning in humans. In laboratory animals, these toxins cause epithelial damage and fluid accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract, and at high doses, they cause death. These substances have also been shown to be tumour promoters, and when injected into the brains of rodents, OA induces neuronal damage reminiscent of that seen in Alzheimer's disease. OA and certain of its derivatives are potent inhibitors of protein phosphatases, which play many roles in cellular metabolism. In 1990, it was suggested that inhibition of these enzymes was responsible for the diarrhetic effect of these toxins. It is now repeatedly stated in the literature that protein phosphatase inhibition is not only responsible for the intestinal effects of OA and derivatives, but also for their acute toxic effects, their tumour promoting activity and their neuronal toxicity. In the present review, the evidence for the involvement of protein phosphatase inhibition in the induction of the toxic effects of OA and its derivatives is examined, with the conclusion that the mechanism of toxicity of these substances requires re-evaluation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.