ReviewToxins2013
Long-term efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin injections in dystonia.
Review in Toxins, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Neutralizing Antibody and Botulinum Toxin Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Neurotoxicity research · 2016Pooled it
- Treatment of cervical dystonia with Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA): Development, insights, and impact.Medicine · 2023Trial
- Long-term tremor therapy for Parkinson and essential tremor with sensor-guided botulinum toxin type A injections.PloS one · 2017Trial
- A 10-year service evaluation of a Cervical Dystonia Botulinum Toxin A Clinic: factors associated with patient-reported outcomes.Irish journal of medical science · 2025Article
- Article
- Switox: Retrospective Analysis of Botulinum Toxin Switching in Management of Spasticity.Toxins · 2025Article
- Treatment Challenges in Hemifacial Spasm: The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.World journal of plastic surgery · 2024Review
- Article
- Botulinum Toxin A for the Treatment of Sympathomimetic Pressor-Induced Digital Hand Ischemia in the Critically Ill Intensive Care Unit Patient.Hand (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Article
- Safety of High-Dose Botulinum Toxin Injections for Parotid and Submandibular Gland Radioprotection.Toxins · 2022Article
- Disorders of Movement due to Acquired and Traumatic Brain Injury.Current physical medicine and rehabilitation reports · 2022Review
- Review
- Surgical Management for Dystonia: Efficacy of Deep Brain Stimulation in the Long Term.Neurology international · 2021Article
- Nonlinear Changes in Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Task-Specific Dystonia during Long-Term Treatment.Toxins · 2021Article
- Geospatial Analysis of Persons with Movement Disorders Living in Underserved Regions.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- Benefits, Safety, and Adjunct Modality Prevalences of Long-Term Botulinum Toxin Injections for Cervical Dystonia and Myofascial Neck Pain: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of pain research · 2020Article
- How satisfied are cervical dystonia patients after 3 years of botulinum toxin type A treatment? Results from a prospective, long-term observational study.Journal of neurology · 2019Observational
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Local chemodenervation with botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections to relax abnormally contracting muscles has been shown to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment in a variety of movement disorders and other neurological and non-neurological disorders. Despite almost 30 years of therapeutic use, there are only few studies of patients treated with BoNT injections over long period of time. These published data clearly support the conclusion that BoNT not only provides safe and effective symptomatic relief of dystonia but also long-term benefit and possibly even favorably modifying the natural history of this disease. The adverse events associated with chronic, periodic exposure to BoNT injections are generally minor and self-limiting. With the chronic use of BoNT and an expanding list of therapeutic indications, there is a need to carefully examine the existing data on the long-term efficacy and safety of BoNT. In this review we will highlight some of the aspects of long-term effects of BoNT, including efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.