ArticleAutophagy2013
ATG proteins mediate efferocytosis and suppress inflammation in mammary involution.
Article in Autophagy, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Metabolic-Immune Axis: Amino Acids and Immune Cell Dynamics in Mammary Gland Development and Remodeling.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- The Biological Role and Clinical Significance of BECLIN-1 in Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Molecular mechanisms of efferocytosis imbalance in the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis microenvironment: from gene screening to dynamic regulation analysis.Biology direct · 2025Article
- Metabolic reprogramming in efferocytosis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Yin-Yang: two sides of extracellular vesicles in inflammatory diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- The intricate interplay between ferroptosis and efferocytosis in cancer: unraveling novel insights and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- miR-30a-3p Regulates Autophagy in the Involution of Mice Mammary Glands.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Rac1 controls cell turnover and reversibility of the involution process in postpartum mammary glands.PLoS biology · 2023Article
- Impaired autophagy promotes hair loss in the C3H/HeJ mouse model of alopecia areata.Autophagy · 2023Article
- Article
- The immune environment of the mammary gland fluctuates during post-lactational regression and correlates with tumour growth rate.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2022Article
- Caloric restriction induced epigenetic effects on aging.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- The butyrophilin 1a1 knockout mouse revisited: Ablation ofFASEB bioAdvances · 2021Article
- Physiological Roles of Apoptotic Cell Clearance: Beyond Immune Functions.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The Cellular Organization of the Mammary Gland: Insights From Microscopy.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2021Review
- The Role of Beclin 1-Dependent Autophagy in Cancer.Biology · 2019Review
- The Effect of Heat Stress on Autophagy and Apoptosis of Rumen, Abomasum, Duodenum, Liver and Kidney Cells in Calves.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2019Article
- Down-regulation of lncRNA OGFRP1 induces autophagy and growth inhibition by AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in HCAECs.Cell biology international · 2019Article
- Sichong formula inhibits the proliferation and migration of human gastric cancer cells.OncoTargets and therapy · 2019Article
- The Multifaceted Role of STAT3 in Mammary Gland Involution and Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Involution is the process of post-lactational mammary gland regression to quiescence and it involves secretory epithelial cell death, stroma remodeling and gland repopulation by adipocytes. Though reportedly accompanying apoptosis, the role of autophagy in involution has not yet been determined. We now report that autophagy-related (ATG) proteins mediate dead cell clearance and suppress inflammation during mammary involution. In vivo, Becn1(+/-) and Atg7-deficient mammary epithelial cells (MECs) produced 'competent' apoptotic bodies, but were defective phagocytes in association with reduced expression of the MERTK and ITGB5 receptors, thus pointing to defective apoptotic body engulfment. Atg-deficient tissues exhibited higher levels of involution-associated inflammation, which could be indicative of a tumor-modulating microenvironment, and developed ductal ectasia, a manifestation of deregulated post-involution gland remodeling. In vitro, ATG (BECN1 or ATG7) knockdown compromised MEC-mediated apoptotic body clearance in association with decreased RAC1 activation, thus confirming that, in addition to the defective phagocytic processing reported by other studies, ATG protein defects also impair dead cell engulfment. Using two different mouse models with mammary gland-associated Atg deficiencies, our studies shed light on the essential role of ATG proteins in MEC-mediated efferocytosis during mammary involution and provide novel insights into this important developmental process. This work also raises the possibility that a regulatory feedback loop exists, by which the efficacy of phagocytic cargo processing in turn regulates the rate of engulfment and ultimately determines the kinetics of phagocytosis and dead cell clearance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.