ArticleCancer research2013
Oncogenic activation of Pak1-dependent pathway of macropinocytosis determines BCG entry into bladder cancer cells.
Article in Cancer research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- DHODH inhibition drives albumin-mediated drug resistance through TERF2IP lactylation-activated macropinosome-mitochondria contact.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Targeting macropinocytosis for cancer therapy.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- BCG in the fight against cancer: exploring its applications in diverse tumour types and future directions.Ecancermedicalscience · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of microbiome-immune interactions in bladder cancer and targeted regulatory strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Synthesis and Evaluation of Trehalose-Based Mertansine Warheads for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Delivery of Anticancer Agents.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2025Article
- Microbial cancer immunotherapy reprograms hematopoiesis to enhance myeloid-driven anti-tumor immunity.Cancer cell · 2025Article
- BCG therapy in bladder cancer and its tumor microenvironment interactions.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Progress on liposome delivery systems in the treatment of bladder cancer.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Identification of core biomarkers for tuberculosis progression through bioinformatics analysis and in vitro research.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Detection of spontaneous anti-neoepitope T-cell responses in non-metastatic bladder cancer patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Exploring the utility of a NGS multigene panel to predict BCG response in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Oncology research · 2025Article
- Targeting Non-Apoptotic Pathways with the Cell Permeable TAT-Conjugated NOTCH1 RAM Fragment for Leukemia and Lymphoma Cells.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Mycobacteria Treatment Inhibits Bladder Cancer Cell Migration, Invasion, and Anchorage-Independent Growth.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Cell polarity proteins promote macropinocytosis in response to metabolic stress.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Novel selective inhibitors of macropinocytosis-dependent growth in pancreatic ductal carcinoma.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2024Article
- Cellular Regulation of Macropinocytosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Intratumoural microbiota: a new frontier in cancer development and therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy induces an efficient antitumor response to control murine melanoma depending on MyD88 signaling.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- State-of-the-Art Advances of Nanomedicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Bladder Cancer.Biosensors · 2022Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis that is used widely as a vaccine for tuberculosis and is used as an effective treatment for superficial bladder carcinoma. Despite being the most successful cancer biotherapy, its mechanism of action and response determinants remain obscure. Here, we establish a model system to analyze BCG interaction with bladder cancer cells, using it to show that these cells vary dramatically in their susceptibility to BCG infection. Unexpectedly, the uptake of BCG by bladder cancer cells occurs by macropinocytosis rather than phagocytosis. BCG entry into bladder cancer cells relied upon Rac1, Cdc42, and their effector kinase Pak1. The difference in susceptibility between BCG-permissive and -resistant bladder cancer cells was due to oncogenic activation of signaling pathways that activate macropinocytosis, with phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor activation stimulating BCG uptake independently of Akt. Similarly, activated Ras strongly activated Pak1-dependent uptake of BCG. These results reveal that oncogenic activation of macropinocytosis determines BCG uptake by bladder cancer cells, implying that tumor responsiveness to BCG may be governed by the specific mutations present in the treated cancer cell.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.