SynthesisDiabetologia2013
Secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analyses of clinical studies.
Synthesis in Diabetologia, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 117 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
117 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Effect of Non-Nutritive Sweetened Beverages on Postprandial Glycemic and Endocrine Responses: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 analogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017 · on this mapPooled it
- Women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus and prediabetes are characterised by a decreased incretin effect.Diabetologia · 2017Trial
- Meal sequence and glucose excursion, gastric emptying and incretin secretion in type 2 diabetes: a randomised, controlled crossover, exploratory trial.Diabetologia · 2016Trial
- L-glutamine and whole protein restore first-phase insulin response and increase glucagon-like peptide-1 in type 2 diabetes patients.Nutrients · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Pancreatic Islet Cell Crosstalk: Insight Into α-/β-Cell Compensatory Mechanisms.Comprehensive Physiology · 2026Article
- White adipose tissue expansion as the driver of insulin resistance and secondary endocrine disturbances in obesity- a narrative review.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
- The molecular mechanisms of incretin resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).Nutrition & diabetes · 2026Review
- Transcriptional Heterogeneity of Cardiac Remodeling Between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Gut Peptide Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: A Narrative Review.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- IUPHAR review: From foe to friend: Repurposing glucagon to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes.Pharmacological research · 2026Review
- Efficacy of Dual Glucagon and GLP-1 Agonists as New Treatments for Type II Diabetes.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Altered GIP/GLP-1 Secretion Ratio is Associated With Impaired β Cell Function in Humans.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Western Diet Induces Changes in Gene Expression in Multiple Tissues During Early Insulin Resistance and Glucose Intolerance in Male C57BL/6 Mice.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Incretin system and glucagon secretion in patients with chronic pancreatitis.European journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Enteroendocrine cells: the gatekeepers of microbiome-gut-brain communication.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
- Duodenal neuroendocrine cells and neuromedin U in subjects with obesity: Relationship with type 2 diabetes and glucose homeostasis.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Molecular Insights into the Potential Cardiometabolic Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Analogs and DPP-4 Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisWe carried out a systematic review of clinical studies investigating glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic controls and performed meta-analyses of plasma total GLP-1 concentrations during an OGTT and/or meal test.
methodsRandom effects models for the primary meta-analysis and random effects meta-regression, subgroup and regression analyses were applied.
resultsRandom effects meta-analysis of GLP-1 responses in 22 trials during 29 different stimulation tests showed that patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 275) and controls without type 2 diabetes (n = 279) exhibited similar responses of total GLP-1 (p = NS) as evaluated from peak plasma concentrations (weighted mean difference [95% CI] 1.09 pmol/l [-2.50, 4.67]), total AUC (tAUC) (159 pmol/l × min [-270, 589]), time-corrected tAUC (tAUC min⁻¹) (0.99 pmol/l [-1.28, 3.27]), incremental AUC (iAUC) (-122 pmol/l × min [-410, 165]) and time-corrected iAUC (iAUC min⁻¹) (-0.49 pmol/l [-2.16, 1.17]). Fixed effects meta-analysis revealed higher peak plasma GLP-1 concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes. Subgroup analysis showed increased responses after a liquid mixed meal test (peak, tAUC and tAUC min⁻¹) and after a 50 g OGTT (AUC and tAUC min⁻¹), and reduced responses after a solid mixed meal test (tAUC min⁻¹) among patients with type 2 diabetes. Meta-regression analyses showed that HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose predicted the outcomes iAUC and iAUC min⁻¹, respectively. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationThe present analysis suggests that patients with type 2 diabetes, in general, do not exhibit reduced GLP-1 secretion in response to an OGTT or meal test, and that deteriorating glycaemic control may be associated with reduced GLP-1 secretion.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.