ReviewTrends in parasitology2013
Drug resistance in African trypanosomiasis: the melarsoprol and pentamidine story.
Review in Trends in parasitology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 251 citations in OpenAlex.
- Resistance to trypanocidal drugs in cattle populations of Zambezia Province, Mozambique.Parasitology research · 2018Trial
- Canalesolide A, a Structurally Unique Polyhydroxy Macrolide from the Marine Cyanobacterium Okeania sp. with Potent Antitrypanosomal Activity.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Comparative evaluation of the attractiveness of new polyethylene screens versus West African tiny target for the control of tsetse flies.Medical and veterinary entomology · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Trypanosomatid parasites, translational research in a One Health, One World environment.Frontiers in chemistry · 2026Review
- Pathogenic Significance of Trypanosomatids: Progress in Drug Resistance, Control Strategies, and Artificial Intelligence.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2026Review
- A CRISPR-based diagnostic tool to survey drug resistance in human African trypanosomiasis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Interventions for Neglected Diseases Caused by Kinetoplastid Parasites: A One Health Approach to Drug Discovery, Development, and Deployment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT): Epidemiology, Biological Diagnosis and Treatment: A Review.Acta parasitologica · 2025Review
- Genetic resistance to vector-borne hemoprotozoa in livestock: molecular markers, host-parasite interactions, and implications for breeding and control.Journal of veterinary science · 2025Review
- Uncovering the Unusual Inhibition Mechanism of a Trypanosome Alternative Oxidase Inhibitor Displaying Broad-Spectrum Activity against African Animal Trypanosomes.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Article
- Discovery of Novel CRK12 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Human African Trypanosomiasis: An Integrated Computational and Experimental Approach.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Controlling rate of release of tsetse fly repellent blend by encapsulating in β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles.Journal of nanotechnology · 2025Article
- Carmaphycin B-Based Proteasome Inhibitors to Treat Human African Trypanosomiasis: Structure-Activity Relationship andACS infectious diseases · 2024Article
- An in-depth exploration of the multifaceted roles of EVs in the context of pathogenic single-cell microorganisms.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Drug resistance in animal trypanosomiases: Epidemiology, mechanisms and control strategies.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2024Review
- New Lipophilic Hydroxamates as Promising Trypanocidal Agents: Design, Synthesis, SAR, and Conformational Behavior Studies.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2024Article
- Structural insights into drug transport by an aquaglyceroporin.Nature communications · 2024Article
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Melarsoprol and pentamidine represent the two main classes of drugs, the arsenicals and diamidines, historically used to treat the diseases caused by African trypanosomes: sleeping sickness in humans and Nagana in livestock. Cross-resistance to these drugs was first observed over 60 years ago and remains the only example of cross-resistance among sleeping sickness therapies. A Trypanosoma brucei adenosine transporter is well known for its role in the uptake of both drugs. More recently, aquaglyceroporin 2 (AQP2) loss of function was linked to melarsoprol-pentamidine cross-resistance. AQP2, a channel that appears to facilitate drug accumulation, may also be linked to clinical cases of resistance. Here, we review these findings and consider some new questions as well as future prospects for tackling the devastating diseases caused by these parasites.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.