ArticleBritish journal of pharmacology2013
The cannabinoid TRPA1 agonist cannabichromene inhibits nitric oxide production in macrophages and ameliorates murine colitis.
Article in British journal of pharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effects of Cannabinoids on Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines: A Systematic Review ofCannabis and cannabinoid research · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review of minor phytocannabinoids with promising neuroprotective potential.British journal of pharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics of cannabichromene in a medical cannabis product also containing cannabidiol and ΔEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Trial
- Pharmacological Switching in Minor Phytocannabinoids: A Mechanistic Framework for Compound-Indication Matching and Precision Neurotherapeutic Development.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cannabichromene (CBC): a comprehensive review of biosynthesis, pharmacology, therapeutic potential, and translational perspectives.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Review
- Signaling pathways of inflammation in CIA model of rheumatoid arthritis regulated by cannabichromene.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol and other non-psychotropic cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa as therapeutics for microglial-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Review
- Phytocannabinoids and Male Fertility: Implications ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cannabinoids in oncology: pharmacology, clinical applications, and translational perspectives.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Cannabichromene, a key non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid in treatment of major depressive disorder: in silico and in vivo explorations.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Endocannabinoid System Regulation in Pyometra-Affected and Healthy Canine Uteri.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Orally Administered CBD/CBG Hemp Extract Reduces Severity of Ulcerative Colitis and Pain in a Murine Model.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Cannabichromene: integrative modulation of apoptosis, ferroptosis, and endocannabinoid signaling in pancreatic cancer therapy.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Neuroimmune interactions: The bridge between inflammatory bowel disease and the gut microbiota.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Review
- Fatty Acid Composition and Bioactive Profiles in the Aerial Parts ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The TRPA1 cation channel is upregulated by cigarette smoke in mouse and human macrophages modulating lung inflammation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pharmacology of Non-Psychoactive Phytocannabinoids and Their Potential for Treatment of Cardiometabolic Disease.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2025Review
- Cannabichromene as a Novel Inhibitor of Th2 Cytokine and JAK/STAT Pathway Activation in Atopic Dermatitis Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Exploring Endocannabinoid System: Unveiling New Roles in Modulating ER Stress.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Cannabis-Based Phytocannabinoids: Overview, Mechanism of Action, Therapeutic Application, Production, and Affecting Environmental Factors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeThe non-psychotropic cannabinoid cannabichromene is known to activate the transient receptor potential ankyrin-type1 (TRPA1) and to inhibit endocannabinoid inactivation, both of which are involved in inflammatory processes. We examined here the effects of this phytocannabinoid on peritoneal macrophages and its efficacy in an experimental model of colitis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Murine peritoneal macrophages were activated in vitro by LPS. Nitrite levels were measured using a fluorescent assay; inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cannabinoid (CB1 and CB2 ) receptors were analysed by RT-PCR (and/or Western blot analysis); colitis was induced by dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (DNBS). Endocannabinoid (anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol), palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamide levels were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Colonic inflammation was assessed by evaluating the myeloperoxidase activity as well as by histology and immunohistochemistry. KEY
resultsLPS caused a significant production of nitrites, associated to up-regulation of anandamide, iNOS, COX-2, CB1 receptors and down-regulation of CB2 receptors mRNA expression. Cannabichromene significantly reduced LPS-stimulated nitrite levels, and its effect was mimicked by cannabinoid receptor and TRPA1 agonists (carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde) and enhanced by CB1 receptor antagonists. LPS-induced anandamide, iNOS, COX-2 and cannabinoid receptor changes were not significantly modified by cannabichromene, which, however, increased oleoylethanolamide levels. In vivo, cannabichromene ameliorated DNBS-induced colonic inflammation, as revealed by histology, immunohistochemistry and myeloperoxidase activity. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Cannabichromene exerts anti-inflammatory actions in activated macrophages - with tonic CB1 cannabinoid signalling being negatively coupled to this effect - and ameliorates experimental murine colitis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.