ArticlePloS one2013
Down-regulation of CTLA-4 by HIV-1 Nef protein.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Unequal distribution of genetically-intact HIV-1 proviruses in cells expressing the immune checkpoint markers PD-1 and/or CTLA-4.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Concanamycin A counteracts HIV-1 Nef to enhance immune clearance of infected primary cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- The autophagy protein ATG9A promotes HIV-1 infectivity.Retrovirology · 2019Article
- HIV and the Macrophage: From Cell Reservoirs to Drug Delivery to Viral Eradication.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2019Review
- Microbial Translocation Does Not Drive Immune Activation in Ugandan Children Infected With HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Immune checkpoint blockade in infectious diseases.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2018Review
- The HIV-1 accessory proteins Nef and Vpu downregulate total and cell surface CD28 in CD4Retrovirology · 2018Article
- Distribution of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen-4 Promoter Polymorphisms in Taiwanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of medical sciences · 2018Article
- Distinct patterns of innate immune activation by clinical isolates of respiratory syncytial virus.PloS one · 2017Article
- Nef promotes evasion of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells from the CTLA-4-mediated inhibition of T-cell activation.The Journal of general virology · 2015Article
- HIV-1 Nef down-modulates C-C and C-X-C chemokine receptors via ubiquitin and ubiquitin-independent mechanism.PloS one · 2014Article
- The immunological synapse: the gateway to the HIV reservoir.Immunological reviews · 2013Review
- The frantic play of the concealed HIV envelope cytoplasmic tail.Retrovirology · 2013Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-1 Nef protein down-regulates several cell surface receptors through its interference with the cell sorting and trafficking machinery. Here we demonstrate for the first time the ability of Nef to down-regulate cell surface expression of the negative immune modulator CTLA-4. Down-regulation of CTLA-4 required the Nef motifs DD175, EE155 and LL165, all known to be involved in vesicle trafficking. Disruption of the lysosomal functions by pH-neutralizing agents prevented CTLA-4 down-regulation by Nef, demonstrating the implication of the endosomal/lysosomal compartments in this process. Confocal microscopy experiments visualized the co-localization between Nef and CTLA-4 in the early and recycling endosomes but not at the cell surface. Overall, our results provide a novel mechanism by which HIV-1 Nef interferes with the surface expression of the negative regulator of T cell activation CTLA-4. Down-regulation of CTLA-4 may contribute to the mechanisms by which HIV-1 sustains T cell activation, a critical step in viral replication and dissemination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.