ArticleFrontiers in neuroenergetics2013
Modeling the glutamate-glutamine neurotransmitter cycle.
Article in Frontiers in neuroenergetics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Composition of Gut Microbiota in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- From equilibrium to dynamic metabolic imaging: the evolving role of magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in neurodegenerative disorders.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- The Role of the Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle in Synaptic Transmission During Ischemia and Recovery.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Polysaccharide-rich birch sap attenuates kainic acid-induced acute seizures by suppressing TLR4/NF-κB-mediated inflammation and preserving blood-brain barrier and glutamate homeostasis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota of children with autism spectrum disorder and healthy siblings: A comparative study.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
- Metabolic coupling between glutamate and N-acetylaspartate in the human brain.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2024Article
- Neuroactive metabolites and bile acids are altered in extremely premature infants with brain injury.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Efficacy and safety ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Measurement of glucose metabolism in the occipital lobe and frontal cortex after oral administration of [1-13C]glucose at 9.4 T.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2022Article
- Detection ofScientific reports · 2022Article
- Hemodynamic and metabolic correspondence of resting-state voxel-based physiological metrics in healthy adults.NeuroImage · 2022Article
- Toxoplasmosis: Targeting neurotransmitter systems in psychiatric disorders.Metabolic brain disease · 2022Review
- Comparison of gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorders and neurotypical boys in China: A case-control study.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2021Article
- Neurophysiological Effects of Whole Coffee Cherry Extract in Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Pilot Study.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Elevated Brain Glutamate Levels in Bipolar Disorder and Pyruvate Carboxylase-Mediated Anaplerosis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
- Functional Metabolic Mapping Reveals Highly Active Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Human Astrocytes, Which Is Impaired in iPSC-Derived Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
- Metabolome Changes in Cerebral Ischemia.Cells · 2020Review
- Amino Acid Transporters and Exchangers from the SLC1A Family: Structure, Mechanism and Roles in Physiology and Cancer.Neurochemical research · 2020Review
- Local and Interregional Neurochemical Associations Measured by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Studying Brain Functions and Psychiatric Disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in brain. Although it is rapidly synthesized from glucose in neural tissues the biochemical processes for replenishing the neurotransmitter glutamate after glutamate release involve the glutamate-glutamine cycle. Numerous in vivo(13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) experiments since 1994 by different laboratories have consistently concluded: (1) the glutamate-glutamine cycle is a major metabolic pathway with a flux rate substantially greater than those suggested by early studies of cell cultures and brain slices; (2) the glutamate-glutamine cycle is coupled to a large portion of the total energy demand of brain function. The dual roles of glutamate as the principal neurotransmitter in the CNS and as a key metabolite linking carbon and nitrogen metabolism make it possible to probe glutamate neurotransmitter cycling using MRS by measuring the labeling kinetics of glutamate and glutamine. At the same time, comparing to non-amino acid neurotransmitters, the added complexity makes it more challenging to quantitatively separate neurotransmission events from metabolism. Over the past few years our understanding of the neuronal-astroglial two-compartment metabolic model of the glutamate-glutamine cycle has been greatly advanced. In particular, the importance of isotopic dilution of glutamine in determining the glutamate-glutamine cycling rate using [1-(13)C] or [1,6-(13)C(2)] glucose has been demonstrated and reproduced by different laboratories. In this article, recent developments in the two-compartment modeling of the glutamate-glutamine cycle are reviewed. In particular, the effects of isotopic dilution of glutamine on various labeling strategies for determining the glutamate-glutamine cycling rate are analyzed. Experimental strategies for measuring the glutamate-glutamine cycling flux that are insensitive to isotopic dilution of glutamine are also suggested.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.