ArticleTargeted oncology2013
Suppression of the proliferation of human U-87 MG glioblastoma cells by new antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone in vivo and in vitro.
Article in Targeted oncology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Molecular Targeted Therapies for Adult-Type Diffuse Glioma: An Analysis of Clinical and Laboratory Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Growth hormone-releasing hormone and cancer.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- GHRH and its analogues in central nervous system diseases.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- The development of growth hormone-releasing hormone analogs: Therapeutic advances in cancer, regenerative medicine, and metabolic disorders.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Neuropeptide Signaling in Glioblastoma: A Comprehensive Review of the Current State and Future Direction.Neuromolecular medicine · 2025Review
- Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Glioma and Peptidergic Systems: Oncogenic and Anticancer Peptides.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Molecular Targeted Therapies in Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Systematic Overview of Global Trends and Findings.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Fermentation, Purification, and Tumor Inhibition of a Disulfide-Stabilized Diabody Against Fibroblast Growth Factor-2.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Profound Actions of an Agonist of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone on Angiogenic Therapy by Mesenchymal Stem Cells.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2016Article
- Potentiating effects of GHRH analogs on the response to chemotherapy.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2015Article
- Prognosis in human glioblastoma based on expression of ligand growth hormone-releasing hormone, pituitary-type growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor, its splicing variant receptors, EGF receptor and PTEN genes.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2014Article
- Potentiation of cytotoxic chemotherapy by growth hormone-releasing hormone agonists.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Article
- Article
- Novel GHRH antagonists suppress the growth of human malignant melanoma by restoring nuclear p27 function.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2014Article
- Inhibition of U-87 MG glioblastoma by AN-152 (AEZS-108), a targeted cytotoxic analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.Oncotarget · 2013Article
- New therapies for relapsed castration-resistant prostate cancer based on peptide analogs of hypothalamic hormones.Asian journal of andrologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Five-year survival of patients afflicted with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is rare, making this cancer one of the most feared malignancies. Previously, we reported that growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is a potent growth factor in cancers. The present work evaluated the effects of two antagonistic analogs of GHRH (MIA-604 and MIA-690) on the proliferation of U-87 MG GBM tumors, in vivo as well as in vitro. Both analogs were administered subcutaneously and dose-dependently inhibited the growth of tumors transplanted into nude mice (127 animals in seven groups). The analogs also inhibited cell proliferation in vitro, decreased cell size, and promoted apoptotic and autophagic processes. Both antagonists stimulated contact inhibition, as indicated by the expression of the E-cadherin-β-catenin complex and integrins, and decreased the release of humoral regulators of glial growth such as FGF, PDGFβ, and TGFβ, as revealed by genomic or proteomic detection methods. The GHRH analogs downregulated other tumor markers (Jun-proto-oncogene, mitogen-activated protein kinase-1, and melanoma cell adhesion molecule), upregulated tumor suppressors (p53, metastasis suppressor-1, nexin, TNF receptor 1A, BCL-2-associated agonist of cell death, and ifκBα), and inhibited the expression of the regulators of angiogenesis and invasion (angiopoetin-1, VEGF, matrix metallopeptidase-1, S100 calcium binding protein A4, and synuclein-γ). Our findings indicate that GHRH antagonists inhibit growth of GBMs by multiple mechanisms and decrease both tumor cell size and number.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.