ArticleCancer research2013
HDAC6 inhibition restores ciliary expression and decreases tumor growth.
Article in Cancer research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 213 citations in OpenAlex.
- Primary cilia: sensors of biliary homeostasis and disease.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Primary cilium disassembly - from mechanisms to roles in physiology and disease.Journal of cell science · 2026Review
- Prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic value of the cancer tubulin code.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- A novel mutation of IFT140 in a preschool child with Mainzer-Saldino syndrome accompanied by rare tumor blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: a case report.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Primary cilia in the hypothalamic AgRP neurons mediate metabolic effects of butyrate.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Primary cilia promote resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, osimertinib, in non-small cell lung cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Combined targeted and epigenetic-based therapy enhances antitumor immunity by stabilizing GATA6-dependent MHCI expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Use of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of CILK1 and AURKA as Cilia-Promoting Drugs to Decelerate Medulloblastoma Cell Replication.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Ciliary-Mediated Mechanotransduction in Skeletal Development and Diseases.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2026Review
- The roles of centrosome amplification in diabetes-associated diseases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Primary cilia in cancer: structures, functions, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Review
- The role of the primary cilium in thyroid function and dysfunction with implications for thyroid disease.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2025Review
- Strategies for multimodal spatiotemporal profiling of phosphorylation in cilia biology.Journal of cell science · 2025Review
- ZO-2 is a scaffold at the centriole and mitotic spindle poles that enhances microtubule stability and supports the proper development of mitotic spindles and cilia.Cell and tissue research · 2025Article
- Cholangiocytes' primary cilia regulate DNA damage response and repair.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2025Article
- Primary Cilia in Hepatic Biliary Hyperplasia: Implications for Liver Diseases.Seminars in liver disease · 2025Review
- A type of pancreatic cancer cells form cell clusters from a solitary condition in a primary ciliogenesis-dependent manner.Medical molecular morphology · 2025Article
- Post-Translational Modifications in Cilia and Ciliopathies.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Cilia at the crossroad: convergence of regulatory mechanisms to govern cilia dynamics during cell signaling and the cell cycle.Cell & bioscience · 2025Review
- Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in Ciliopathies: Emerging Insights and Therapeutic Implications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Primary cilia are multisensory organelles recently found to be absent in some tumor cells, but the mechanisms of deciliation and the role of cilia in tumor biology remain unclear. Cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining the biliary tree, normally express primary cilia and their interaction with bile components regulates multiple processes, including proliferation and transport. Using cholangiocarcinoma as a model, we found that primary cilia are reduced in cholangiocarcinoma by a mechanism involving histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). The experimental deciliation of normal cholangiocyte cells increased the proliferation rate and induced anchorage-independent growth. Furthermore, deciliation induced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and Hedgehog signaling, two important pathways involved in cholangiocarcinoma development. We found that HDAC6 is overexpressed in cholangiocarcinoma and overexpression of HDAC6 in normal cholangiocytes induced deciliation and increased both proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. To evaluate the effect of cilia restoration on tumor cells, we targeted HDAC6 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or by the pharmacologic inhibitor, tubastatin-A. Both approaches restored the expression of primary cilia in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines and decreased cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. The effects of tubastatin-A were abolished when cholangiocarcinoma cells were rendered unable to regenerate cilia by stable transfection of IFT88-shRNA. Finally, inhibition of HDAC6 by tubastatin-A also induced a significant decrease in tumor growth in a cholangiocarcinoma animal model. Our data support a key role for primary cilia in malignant transformation, provide a plausible mechanism for their involvement, and suggest that restoration of primary cilia in tumor cells by HDAC6 targeting may be a potential therapeutic approach for cholangiocarcinoma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.