ReviewAdvanced drug delivery reviews2013
Curb challenges of the "Trojan Horse" approach: smart strategies in achieving effective yet safe cell-penetrating peptide-based drug delivery.
Review in Advanced drug delivery reviews, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 205 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perspective Approaches to "Trojan Horse" Strategy Development for Combating Bacterial Pathogens.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Continuous Suppression of Pathological Retinal and Choroidal Neovascularization in Cynomolgus Monkeys via Noninvasive Ophthalmic Delivery of a Novel Anti-VEGFA Nanobody and Proprietary Penetratin Analog Formulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Breaking the outer membrane barrier: structure, targets, and antimicrobial strategies for Gram-negative bacteria.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Complex forming properties of cannabinoid acids in a green solvent and bioassays focused on gastric disease caused by Helicobacter pylori infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effect of TIMPs and their minimally engineered variants in blocking invasion and migration of brain cancer cells.Oncotarget · 2025Article
- Trojan Horse Delivery Strategies of Natural Medicine Monomers: Challenges and Limitations in Improving Brain Targeting.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Drug Delivery Across the Blood-Brain Barrier: A New Strategy for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Review
- Light-Responsive and Dual-Targeting Liposomes: From Mechanisms to Targeting Strategies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Antimicrobial Peptides and Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Non-Antibiotic Membrane-Targeting Strategies Against Bacterial Infections.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Review
- Systematic identification and characterization of repeat sequences in African swine fever virus genomes.Veterinary research · 2022Article
- Cell-Penetrating Peptides as Passive Permeation Enhancers for Transdermal Drug Delivery.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2022Review
- Tuning of Peptide Cytotoxicity with Cell Penetrating Motif Activatable by Matrix Metalloproteinase-2.ACS omega · 2022Article
- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Activated Liposomal Cell Delivery using a Boronate-Caged Guanidine Lipid.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2022Article
- Advances on Delivery of Cytotoxic Enzymes as Anticancer Agents.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Elucidating the Therapeutic Potential of Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Human Tenon Fibroblast Cells.ACS omega · 2022Article
- Super-sensitive bifunctional nanoprobe: Self-assembly of peptide-driven nanoparticles demonstrating tumor fluorescence imaging and therapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2022Article
- Cell penetrating peptide: A potent delivery system in vaccine development.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Review
- Genetically-engineered "all-in-one" vaccine platform for cancer immunotherapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-mediated intracellular drug delivery system, often specifically termed as "the Trojan horse approach", has become the "holy grail" in achieving effective delivery of macromolecular compounds such as proteins, DNA, siRNAs, and drug carriers. It is characterized by the unique cell- (or receptor-), temperature-, and payload-independent mechanisms, therefore offering potent means to improve poor cellular uptake of a variety of macromolecular drugs. Nevertheless, this "Trojan horse" approach also acts like a double-edged sword, causing serious safety and toxicity concerns to normal tissues or organs for in vivo application, due to lack of target selectivity of the powerful cell penetrating activity. To overcome this problem of potent yet non-selective penetration vs. targeting delivery, a number of "smart" strategies have been developed in recent years, including controllable CPP-based drug delivery systems based on various stimuli-responsive mechanisms. This review article provides a fundamental understanding of these smart systems, as well as a discussion of their real-time in vivo applicability.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.