ArticleAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation2013
Survival advantage in black versus white men with CKD: effect of estimated GFR and case mix.
Article in American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Race and sex differences in pressor response to laboratory stressors in patients with chronic kidney disease.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2025Article
- CKD-Associated Cardiovascular Mortality in the United States: Temporal Trends From 1999 to 2020.Kidney medicine · 2023Article
- Race, Interleukin-6,Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- Association of Pre-ESRD Serum Bicarbonate with Post-ESRD Mortality in Patients with Incident ESRD.American journal of nephrology · 2021Article
- Relationship of neighborhood social determinants of health on racial/ethnic mortality disparities in US veterans-Mediation and moderating effects.Health services research · 2020Article
- Ethnic minority disparities in progression and mortality of pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease: a systematic scoping review.BMC nephrology · 2020Article
- Race and Mortality in CKD and Dialysis: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2020Article
- Statin Therapy Before Transition to End-Stage Renal Disease With Posttransition Outcomes.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Article
- Racial Disparities in Nephrology Consultation and Disease Progression among Veterans with CKD: An Observational Cohort Study.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2018Observational
- Mortality Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups in the Veterans Health Administration: An Evidence Review and Map.American journal of public health · 2018Review
- Racial/Ethnic Differences in Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Chronic Kidney Disease: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort.American journal of hypertension · 2017Article
- Race/Ethnicity and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Adults With CKD: Findings From the CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) and Hispanic CRIC Studies.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2016Article
- Social Determinants of Racial Disparities in CKD.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2016Review
- APOL1 renal-risk genotypes associate with longer hemodialysis survival in prevalent nondiabetic African American patients with end-stage renal disease.Kidney international · 2016Article
- Response to Letter Regarding Article, "Association of Race With Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in a Large Cohort of US Veterans".Circulation · 2016Article
- Association of Race With Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in a Large Cohort of US Veterans.Circulation · 2015Article
- Eliminating Health Disparities: What Can We Learn From the Veterans Health Administration?Circulation · 2015Article
- Association of body mass index with outcomes in patients with CKD.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2014Article
- The association between race and income on risk of mortality in patients with moderate chronic kidney disease.BMC nephrology · 2014Article
- Asymmetric dimethylarginine, race, and mortality in hemodialysis patients.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBlack dialysis patients have significantly lower mortality compared with white patients, in contradistinction to the higher mortality seen in blacks in the general population. It is unclear whether a similar paradox exists in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD), and if it does, what its underlying reasons are. STUDY
designHistorical cohort. SETTING &
participants518,406 white and 52,402 black male US veterans with non-dialysis-dependent CKD stages 3-5. PREDICTOR: Black race. OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS: We examined overall and CKD stage-specific all-cause mortality using parametric survival models. The effect of sociodemographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, and laboratory characteristics on the observed differences was explored in multivariable models.
resultsDuring a median follow-up of 4.7 years, 172,093 patients died (mortality rate, 71.0 [95% CI, 70.6-71.3] per 1,000 patient-years). Black race was associated with significantly lower crude mortality (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.94-0.97; P < 0.001). The survival advantage was attenuated after adjustment for age (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.12-1.16), but was magnified after full multivariable adjustment (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.70-0.73; P < 0.001). The unadjusted survival advantage of blacks was more prominent in those with more advanced stages of CKD, but CKD stage-specific differences were attenuated by multivariable adjustment. LIMITATIONS: Exclusively male patients.
conclusionsBlack patients with CKD have lower mortality compared with white patients. The survival advantage seen in blacks is accentuated in patients with more advanced stages of CKD, which may be explained by changes in case-mix and laboratory characteristics occurring during the course of kidney disease.
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