ArticleJournal of foot and ankle research2013
A review of the foot function index and the foot function index - revised.
Article in Journal of foot and ankle research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Plantar Heel Pain: Multisegmental Foot Motion and Muscle Function, FFI Translation, and Evaluation of Physical Therapy Treatments
The Effectiveness of Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (rESWT), Sham- rESWT, Standardised Exercise Program or Usual Care for Patients With Plantar Fasciopathy. Study Protocol for a Double-blind, Randomised Sham- Controlled Trial
Comparison of the Effects of Different Exercise Programs on Lower Extremity Distal Tissue Mechanics, Muscle Strength and Neuropathy Symptoms in Type 2 Diabetics With Peripheral Neuropathy
Efficacy of an Early Intervention Programme Using Therapeutic Exercise in Patients With Plantar Fasciopathy
Temporal Differences in Pain, Muscle Stiffness, and Function in Subjects With Plantar Fasciitis After Myofascial Release Therapy
The Effect of Lateral Wedge Insoles on Lower Limb Biomechanics, Muscle Activity and Knee Adduction Moment During Walking and Running
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of class IV LASER therapy along with Low-dye kinesio-taping technique or plantar fascia stretching on pain, pain pressure threshold, and disability in individuals with plantar fasciitis: Double-blinded randomized clinical trial.Lasers in medical science · 2026Trial
- Correction of lesser toe deformities: minimally invasive versus open surgery-a prospective randomised study.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2025Trial
- One-Year Trajectory of Pain, Function, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Plantar Fasciopathy.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2025Trial
- Predictors for pain and functioning in patients with plantar fasciopathy one year after inclusion in a treatment trial in specialist care.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Trial
- Comparison of Structural Diagnosis and Management (SDM) approach and MyoFascial Release (MFR) for improving plantar heel pain, ankle range of motion and disability: A randomized clinical trial.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy · 2024Trial
- Is radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT), sham-rESWT or a standardised exercise programme in combination with advice plus customised foot orthoses more effective than advice plus customised foot orthoses alone in the treatment of plantar fasciopathy? A double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial.British journal of sports medicine · 2024Trial
- Effect of Dynamic Taping versus Kinesiology Taping on Pain, Foot Function, Balance, and Foot Pressure in 3 Groups of Plantar Fasciitis Patients: A Randomized Clinical Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2023Trial
- Clinical effectiveness of multi-wavelength photobiomodulation therapy as an adjunct to extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the management of plantar fasciitis: a randomized controlled trial.Lasers in medical science · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Predictors of response to prefabricated foot orthoses or rocker-sole footwear in individuals with first metatarsophalangeal joint osteoarthritis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2017Trial
- Autologous whole blood versus corticosteroid local injection in treatment of plantar fasciitis: A randomized, controlled multicenter clinical trial.Clinical rheumatology · 2017Trial
- Lateral wedges with and without custom arch support for people with medial knee osteoarthritis and pronated feet: an exploratory randomized crossover study.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2017Trial
- Effectiveness of Foot Orthoses Versus Rocker-Sole Footwear for First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Osteoarthritis: Randomized Trial.Arthritis care & research · 2016Trial
- Synovial cytokine expression in ankle osteoarthritis depends on age and stage.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2015Trial
- Association between intraarticular cytokine levels and clinical parameters of osteochondritis dissecans in the ankle.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2014Trial
- Rocker-sole footwear versus prefabricated foot orthoses for the treatment of pain associated with first metatarsophalangeal joint osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomised trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2014Trial
- Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Diabetic Foot Questionnaire (DiaFootQ) into Spanish Language.Atencion primaria · 2026Observational
- Comparison of Structural Diagnosis and Management Approach Versus Myofascial Release for Plantar Heel Pain in People With Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial Protocol.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Suture tape augmentation in arthroscopic lateral ligament repair for chronic ankle instability yields similar clinical outcomes but faster return to sport compared to isolated repair.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2026Article
- Observational
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
unlabelled
backgroundThe Foot Function Index (FFI) is a self-report, foot-specific instrument measuring pain and disability and has been widely used to measure foot health for over twenty years. A revised FFI (FFI-R) was developed in response to criticism of the FFI. The purpose of this review was to assess the uses of FFI and FFI-R as were reported in medical and surgical literature and address the suggestions found in the literature to improve the metrics of FFI-R.
methodsA systematic literature search of PubMed/Medline and Embase databases from October 1991 through December 2010 comprised the main sources of literature. To enrich the bibliography, the search was extended to BioMedLib and Scopus search engines and manual search methods. Search terms included FFI, FFI scores, FFI-R. Requirements included abstracts/full length articles, English-language publications, and articles containing the term "foot complaints/problems." Articles selected were scrutinized; EBM abstracted data from literature and collected into tables designed for this review. EBM analyzed tables, KJC, JM, RMS reviewed and confirmed table contents. KJC and JM reanalyzed the original database of FFI-R to improve metrics.
resultsSeventy-eight articles qualified for this review, abstracts were compiled into 12 tables. FFI and FFI-R were used in studies of foot and ankle disorders in 4700 people worldwide. FFI Full scale or the Subscales and FFI-R were used as outcome measures in various studies; new instruments were developed based on FFI subscales. FFI Full scale was adapted/translated into other cultures. FFI and FFI-R psychometric properties are reported in this review. Reanalysis of FFI-R subscales' confirmed unidimensionality, and the FFI-R questionnaires' response categories were edited into four responses for ease of use.
conclusionThis review was limited to articles published in English in the past twenty years. FFI is used extensively worldwide; this instrument pioneered a quantifiable measure of foot health, and thus has shifted the paradigm of outcome measure to subjective, patient-centered, valid, reliable and responsive hard data endpoints. Edited FFI-R into four response categories will enhance its user friendliness for measuring foot health.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.