ArticleInternational journal of cancer2013
Chemotherapy-induced immunogenic modulation of tumor cells enhances killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and is distinct from immunogenic cell death.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 181 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
181 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 281 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chemotherapy backbone and outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations across solid tumors: a pan-tumor network meta-analysis.The oncologist · 2026Pooled it
- Application of chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy in first-line treatment of advanced esophageal cancer: fluorouracil or paclitaxel? - a meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- The immune microenvironment and relation to outcome in patients with advanced breast cancer treated with docetaxel with or without gemcitabine.Oncoimmunology · 2021Trial
- Anti-Telomerase CD4International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Trial
- International Rare Cancers Initiative Multicenter Randomized Phase II Trial of Cisplatin and Fluorouracil Versus Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Advanced Anal Cancer: InterAAct.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2020Trial
- Mixed 20-peptide cancer vaccine in combination with docetaxel and dexamethasone for castration-resistant prostate cancer: a randomized phase II trial.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2020Trial
- Peripheral and local predictive immune signatures identified in a phase II trial of ipilimumab with carboplatin/paclitaxel in unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2017Trial
- A Pilot Study of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Combined with Cytoreductive Nephrectomy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2017Trial
- Docetaxel Alone or in Combination With a Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine (PANVAC) in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA oncology · 2015Trial
- Trial
- A chemical-genetic system for calreticulin exposure on cancer cells reveals immune-dependent antitumor effects.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- Epcoritamab plus gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in transplant-ineligible relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: how should this regimen be positioned in current treatment algorithms?Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Advanced Mucosal Melanoma Therapies: Current Status and Future Directions.Current treatment options in oncology · 2026Review
- Low-dose DOX-polygodial nanosystem modulates the CD47/CALR axis for safer triple negative breast cancer treatment.Nanoscale advances · 2026Article
- Article
- Bridging paradigms and shaping the future of resectable gastric cancer: a narrative review of the post-MATTERHORN era.Gastroenterology report · 2026Review
- Out"FOX"ing cancer: the implications of FOXC2 as a putative predictive biomarker for cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- CRIP1 promotes docetaxel resistance and immune-associated cell death modulation in prostate cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Phase II study of magrolimab combined with docetaxel in previously treated metastatic advanced solid tumors.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
121 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Certain chemotherapeutic regimens trigger cancer cell death while inducing dendritic cell maturation and subsequent immune responses. However, chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) has thus far been restricted to select agents. In contrast, several chemotherapeutic drugs modulate antitumor immune responses, despite not inducing classic ICD. In addition, in many cases tumor cells do not die after treatment. Here, using docetaxel, one of the most widely used cancer chemotherapeutic agents, as a model, we examined phenotypic and functional consequences of tumor cells that do not die from ICD. Docetaxel treatment of tumor cells did not induce ATP or high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) secretion, or cell death. However, calreticulin (CRT) exposure was observed in all cell lines examined after chemotherapy treatment. Killing by carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), MUC-1, or PSA-specific CD8(+) CTLs was significantly enhanced after docetaxel treatment. This killing was associated with increases in components of antigen-processing machinery, and mediated largely by CRT membrane translocation, as determined by functional knockdown of CRT, PERK, or CRT-blocking peptide. A docetaxel-resistant cell line was selected (MDR-1(+), CD133(+)) by continuous exposure to docetaxel. These cells, while resistant to direct cytostatic effects of docetaxel, were not resistant to the chemomodulatory effects that resulted in enhancement of CTL killing. Here, we provide an operational definition of "immunogenic modulation," where exposure of tumor cells to nonlethal/sublethal doses of chemotherapy alters tumor phenotype to render the tumor more sensitive to CTL killing. These observations are distinct and complementary to ICD and highlight a mechanism whereby chemotherapy can be used in combination with immunotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.