ArticleNeuroepidemiology2013
Apolipoprotein E and change in episodic memory in blacks and whites.
Article in Neuroepidemiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- APOE ε4 and Decline in Health and Financial Literacy in Advanced Age.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Article
- Apolipoprotein E e4 Status Predicts Memory Performance and Daily Functioning in Aging Hispanic/Latino Adults.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2026Article
- The Pathology, Alzheimer's and Related Dementias Study (PARDoS): Design and Characteristics of the First 4,700+ Brazilian Participants.Neuroepidemiology · 2025Article
- Population intervention models of racial ethnic disparities in cognitive outcomes from cardiometabolic risk factors - HABS-HD.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- Sex differences in APOE- and PICALM-related cognitive profiles in healthy middle-aged adults.Frontiers in aging · 2025Article
- The Effects of APOE Alleles, Cognitive Activities, and Social Activities on Cognitive Decline in African Americans.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Neuropathology-based APOE genetic risk score better quantifies Alzheimer's risk.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- APOE Effects on Late Life Cognitive Trajectories in Diverse Racial/Ethnic Groups.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2023Article
- Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, dementia, and memory performance among Caribbean Hispanic versus US populations.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Amyloid, cerebrovascular disease, and neurodegeneration biomarkers are associated with cognitive trajectories in a racially and ethnically diverse, community-based sample.Neurobiology of aging · 2022Article
- Diagnostic accuracy and differential associations between ratings of functioning and neuropsychological performance in non-Hispanic Black and White older adults.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2022Article
- Reduced brain activity during a working memory task in middle-aged apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers with overweight/obesity.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Societal and equity challenges for Brain Health Services. A user manual for Brain Health Services-part 6 of 6.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2021Review
- Association of Lewy Bodies With Age-Related Clinical Characteristics in Black and White Decedents.Neurology · 2021Article
- TOMM40-APOE haplotypes are associated with cognitive decline in non-demented Blacks.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2021Article
- Amyloid PET Imaging in Self-Identified Non-Hispanic Black Participants of the Anti-Amyloid in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease (A4) Study.Neurology · 2021Article
- Longitudinal associations between dietary quality and Alzheimer's disease genetic risk on cognitive performance among African American adults.The British journal of nutrition · 2020Article
- Cognitive changes in patient living with HIV-AIDS and apolipoprotein-E polymorphism: is there an association?Molecular biology reports · 2020Article
- Article
- Apolipoprotein ɛ4 Allele and Subjective Cognitive Functioning in Parents of Adults With Disabilities.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundApolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 is related to faster decline in episodic memory in Whites, but the relation is unknown in Blacks. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ε4 has a selective effect on decline in episodic memory in Blacks.
methodsData are from two cohort studies with similar design. The sample consisted of 1,211 participants [28.4% Blacks, mean age = 78.6 years (SD = 7.4), education = 14.7 years (SD = 3.1)] without dementia at baseline, who underwent annual clinical evaluations for up to 6 years. Summary measures of 5 cognitive abilities were derived from 18 neuropsychological tests.
resultsIn mixed models that controlled for age, sex, education, and race, possession of ε4 (present in 32.9% of Blacks and 21.0% of Whites, p < 0.001) was related to faster decline in episodic memory and 4 other cognitive abilities (all p values <0.01). In separate models that examined the interaction of race and ε4 on decline, there was no significant difference between Blacks and Whites in the effect of ε4 on decline in episodic memory, perceptual speed, or visuospatial ability. By contrast, the effect of ε4 differed for semantic memory and working memory. Results were similar after adjusting for vascular conditions.
conclusionsThe results suggest that APOE ε4 is related to a faster rate of decline in episodic memory in Blacks similar to Whites. In addition, there were racial differences in the effect of ε4 in other cognitive abilities such that the ε4 allele was related to faster decline in semantic memory and working memory for Whites but not for Blacks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.