Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23364021›Full record

SynthesisThe American journal of clinical nutrition2013

Is there a dose-response relation of dietary glycemic load to risk of type 2 diabetes? Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Geoffrey Livesey, Richard Taylor, Helen Livesey, Simin Liu

3 registry-linked trialsAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 80 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
80citing papers in PubMed, 14 pooled it
15.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03024983 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

Pasta and Other Durum Wheat-based Products: Effects on Post-prandial Glucose Metabolism

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of ParmaRan2015 to 2016Enrolled18ConditionsDietary ModificationArmsGlucose, Semolina soup, Bread, Penne (fresh), Penne (dry)
NCT03098017 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2017, after this paper: background citation

Pasta and Couscous Prepared With Durum Wheat Semolina: Effect on Post-prandial Glucose and Insulin Metabolism

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of ParmaRan2017 to 2018Enrolled30ConditionsDietary ModificationArmsShort pasta (dry), Long pasta (dry), Couscous, Glucose
NCT03104686 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2017, after this paper: background citation

Pasta and Bread Prepared With Durum Wheat Semolina: Effect on Post-prandial Glucose and Insulin Metabolism

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of ParmaRan2017 to 2018Enrolled30ConditionsDietary ModificationArmsShort pasta (dry), Long pasta (dry), Bread, Glucose
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

80 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 210 citations in OpenAlex.

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20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Geoffrey LiveseyIndependent Nutrition Logic, Wymondham, Norfolk, UK. glivesey@inlogic.co.uk
Richard Taylor
Helen Livesey
Simin Liu
Plastic Logic (United Kingdom) · GB

Funding

Zoledronic Acid in Treatment of Osteoporosis in PostmenoM01RR002635 · NCRR · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI WILLIAMS, GORDON H · 1985 to 2008
$48.4M
Steroid Hormones, Adipose-cytokines, and Diabetes RiskR01DK066401 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI LIU, SIMIN · 2004 to 2008
$2.7M
HIGH GLYCEMIC DIET AND RISK OF NIDDM AND CHDK08DK002767 · NIDDK · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI LIU, SIMIN · 2000 to 2002
$388k
Biochemical Predictors of Type 2 DM in WomenR56DK062290 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI LIU, SIMIN · 2010 to 2010
$230k
NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR002635NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK066401NIDDK NIH HHS R56 DK062290
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough much is known about the association between dietary glycemic load (GL) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), prospective cohort studies have not consistently shown a positive dose-response relation.

objectiveWe performed a comprehensive examination of evidence on the dose response that links GL to T2D and sources of heterogeneity among all prospective cohort studies on healthy adults available in the literature.

designWe conducted a systematic review of all prospective cohort studies and meta-analyses to quantify the GL-T2D relation both without and with adjustment for covariates.

resultsAmong 24 prospective cohort studies identified by August 2012, the GL ranged from ∼60 to ∼280 g per daily intake of 2000 kcal (8.4 MJ). In a fully adjusted meta-analysis model, the GL was positively associated with RR of T2D of 1.45 (95% CI: 1.31, 1.61) for a 100-g increment in GL (P < 0.001; n = 24 studies; 7.5 million person-years of follow-up). Sex (P = 0.03), dietary instrument validity (P < 0.001), and ethnicity (European American compared with other; P = 0.04) together explained 97% of the heterogeneity among studies. After adjustment for heterogeneities, we used both funnel and trim-and-fill analyses to identify a negligible publication bias. Multiple influence, cumulative, and forecast analyses indicated that the GL-T2D relation tended to have reached stability and to have been underestimated. The relation was apparent at all doses of GL investigated, although it was statistically significant only at >95 g GL/2000 kcal.

conclusionAfter we accounted for several sources of heterogeneity, findings from prospective cohort studies that related the GL to T2D appear robust and consistently indicate strong and significantly lower T2D risk in persons who consume lower-GL diets. This review was registered at http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO as CRD42011001810.

Indexed as

Glycemic IndexBlood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2DietDietary CarbohydratesHumansModels, StatisticalRisk FactorsBlood GlucoseDietary Carbohydrates

Identifiers

PMID23364021
PMCPMC6443299
OpenAlexW2141105944

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.