SynthesisThe American journal of clinical nutrition2013
Systematic review and meta-analysis of different dietary approaches to the management of type 2 diabetes.
Synthesis in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 313 papers, 24 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Alimentation and Diabetes in Lanzarote - ADILAN: a Randomized Cross-over Pilot Trial Comparing a Healthy Diet With Grains and Dairy to a Healthy Diet Without Grains and Dairy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
The Importance of Glycemic Index on Postprandial Glycemia and Insulinemia in the Context of the Addition of Fat to Carbohydrate Foods: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Spaghetti Versus Rice as Mixed Meals
Lifestyle Modification for the Treatment of Symptomatic Atrial Fibrillation - A Pilot Study - The LIFE-AF Trial
Who cites it
313 citing papers in PubMed, 24 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 812 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The effectiveness of the Mediterranean Diet for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: An umbrella review.Nutrition & dietetics : the journal of the Dietitians Association of Australia · 2025Pooled it
- Low-carbohydrate diets in East Asians with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Different Dietary Patterns on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of low-carbohydrate diet on health status: an umbrella review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A Systematic Review on Food Recommender Systems for Diabetic Patients.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Self-care behaviours among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2022Pooled it
- Diets for weight management in adults with type 2 diabetes: an umbrella review of published meta-analyses and systematic review of trials of diets for diabetes remission.Diabetologia · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of low glycaemic index or load dietary patterns on glycaemic control and cardiometabolic risk factors in diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of low and very low carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes remission: systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomized trial data.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2021Pooled it
- Age, sex, disease severity, and disease duration difference in placebo response: implications from a meta-analysis of diabetes mellitus.BMC medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Preventive Role of Diet Interventions and Dietary Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Umbrella Review.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of Popular Diets on Anthropometric and Cardiometabolic Parameters: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- The Effects of Different Quantities and Qualities of Protein Intake in People with Diabetes Mellitus.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of different dietary approaches on blood lipid control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2019Pooled it
253 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is evidence that reducing blood glucose concentrations, inducing weight loss, and improving the lipid profile reduces cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes.
objectiveWe assessed the effect of various diets on glycemic control, lipids, and weight loss.
designWe conducted searches of PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar to August 2011. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with interventions that lasted ≥6 mo that compared low-carbohydrate, vegetarian, vegan, low-glycemic index (GI), high-fiber, Mediterranean, and high-protein diets with control diets including low-fat, high-GI, American Diabetes Association, European Association for the Study of Diabetes, and low-protein diets.
resultsA total of 20 RCTs were included (n = 3073 included in final analyses across 3460 randomly assigned individuals). The low-carbohydrate, low-GI, Mediterranean, and high-protein diets all led to a greater improvement in glycemic control [glycated hemoglobin reductions of -0.12% (P = 0.04), -0.14% (P = 0.008), -0.47% (P < 0.00001), and -0.28% (P < 0.00001), respectively] compared with their respective control diets, with the largest effect size seen in the Mediterranean diet. Low-carbohydrate and Mediterranean diets led to greater weight loss [-0.69 kg (P = 0.21) and -1.84 kg (P < 0.00001), respectively], with an increase in HDL seen in all diets except the high-protein diet.
conclusionLow-carbohydrate, low-GI, Mediterranean, and high-protein diets are effective in improving various markers of cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes and should be considered in the overall strategy of diabetes management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.