ArticleACS nano2013
Carbon-nanotube-embedded hydrogel sheets for engineering cardiac constructs and bioactuators.
Article in ACS nano, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 270 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
270 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 930 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electrical stimulation through conductive scaffolds for cardiomyocyte tissue engineering: Systematic review and narrative synthesis.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2022Pooled it
- ESC Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart: position paper for Cardiovascular Research: tissue engineering strategies combined with cell therapies for cardiac repair in ischaemic heart disease and heart failure.Cardiovascular research · 2019Guideline
- Hydrogel platforms for 3D cardiac tissue engineering and fibrotic disease modelling.FEBS open bio · 2026Review
- A study on extracellular and cellular composition to advance towards the rational design of contractile human myocardium.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Engineering the Cellular Microenvironment for Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Cardiac Differentiation: Beyond Wnt Signaling.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- 3D Printable and Electrically Conductive Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel for Cardiac and Vascular Tissue Engineering Applications.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Restoring anisotropy after myocardial injury: strategies to align transplanted human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Biomaterial Strategies for Three-Dimensional Bioprinting and Drug Delivery Application.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Three-Dimensional Magnetoelectric Nanocomposite GelMA Hydrogels for Wireless Electrical Stimulation of Cardiac Cells.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- TiONanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Organ-on-chip (OoC) and nano-biomaterials: next generation of precision oral and dental healthcare research.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Exploring the piezoelectric phenomenon: From polymers to human tissues and advanced applications in tissue engineering.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Reprogramming the Myocardial Infarction Conductive Microenvironment with Superconductive Ionic Patch for Cardiac Function Repair.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Bioengineered Cellular and Acellular Therapies for Ischemic Heart Disease in Clinically Relevant Models.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Smart biomaterials for cardiovascular, bone, and skin tissue engineering: mechanisms, applications, and future prospects.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Review
- Injectable hydrogels for bone regeneration: mechanical reinforcement strategies using nanoparticles and nanofibers.ADMET & DMPK · 2026Review
- Advances in Conductive Nanomaterials for Cardiac Arrhythmia and Future Directions in Bioevaluation Strategies.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Tuning SWCNT Length to Optimize the Rate-Efficiency-Stability Triad in Nanofluidic Water Channels.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Overview of Magnetic Hydrogel Fabrication, Its Basic Characteristics, and Potential Uses in Biomedical Engineering.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Open Challenges and Opportunities in Piezoelectricity for Tissue Regeneration.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
210 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We engineered functional cardiac patches by seeding neonatal rat cardiomyocytes onto carbon nanotube (CNT)-incorporated photo-cross-linkable gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels. The resulting cardiac constructs showed excellent mechanical integrity and advanced electrophysiological functions. Specifically, myocardial tissues cultured on 50 μm thick CNT-GelMA showed 3 times higher spontaneous synchronous beating rates and 85% lower excitation threshold, compared to those cultured on pristine GelMA hydrogels. Our results indicate that the electrically conductive and nanofibrous networks formed by CNTs within a porous gelatin framework are the key characteristics of CNT-GelMA leading to improved cardiac cell adhesion, organization, and cell-cell coupling. Centimeter-scale patches were released from glass substrates to form 3D biohybrid actuators, which showed controllable linear cyclic contraction/extension, pumping, and swimming actuations. In addition, we demonstrate for the first time that cardiac tissues cultured on CNT-GelMA resist damage by a model cardiac inhibitor as well as a cytotoxic compound. Therefore, incorporation of CNTs into gelatin, and potentially other biomaterials, could be useful in creating multifunctional cardiac scaffolds for both therapeutic purposes and in vitro studies. These hybrid materials could also be used for neuron and other muscle cells to create tissue constructs with improved organization, electroactivity, and mechanical integrity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.