SynthesisBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2013
Associations of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with mortality and renal failure by sex: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 199 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
199 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 467 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of sibeprenlimab in IgA nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC nephrology · 2026Pooled it
- Global health inequalities of chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024Pooled it
- Relationship between sex and cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- The impact of hypertension on chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease is greater in men than women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC nephrology · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence and burden of chronic kidney disease among the general population and high-risk groups in Africa: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Sex-difference of multifactorial intervention on cardiovascular and mortality risk in DKD: post-hoc analysis of a randomised clinical trial.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Trial
- High Circulating Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Level Is a Potential Risk Factor for Renal Dysfunction in Post-Menopausal Women.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Trial
- Empagliflozin and Kidney Function Decline in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Slope Analysis from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME Trial.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2018 · on this mapTrial
- The effect of HIV infection on glycaemia and renal function in type 2 diabetic patients.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Kidney Function and Cardiovascular Events in Postmenopausal Women: The Impact of Race and Ethnicity in the Women's Health Initiative.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2016Trial
- Long-term mortality and risk factors for development of end-stage renal disease in critically ill patients with and without chronic kidney disease.Critical care (London, England) · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Gender disparities in Swedish specialized nephrology care.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- The evolution of symptom burden in older men and women with advanced CKD.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2026Observational
- Sex Differences in the Cardiovascular Significance of Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Incidence, DALYs, and death rates of chronic kidney disease in China, 1990-2023: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- Estrogen protects female mice with chronic kidney disease from fibroblast growth factor 23-induced left ventricular hypertrophy.Kidney international · 2026Article
139 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 14 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess for the presence of a sex interaction in the associations of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and end stage renal disease.
designRandom effects meta-analysis using pooled individual participant data.
setting46 cohorts from Europe, North and South America, Asia, and Australasia.
participants2,051,158 participants (54% women) from general population cohorts (n=1,861,052), high risk cohorts (n=151,494), and chronic kidney disease cohorts (n=38,612). Eligible cohorts (except chronic kidney disease cohorts) had at least 1000 participants, outcomes of either mortality or end stage renal disease of ≥ 50 events, and baseline measurements of estimated glomerular filtration rate according to the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (mL/min/1.73 m(2)) and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (mg/g).
resultsRisks of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were higher in men at all levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albumin-creatinine ratio. While higher risk was associated with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher albumin-creatinine ratio in both sexes, the slope of the risk relationship for all-cause mortality and for cardiovascular mortality were steeper in women than in men. Compared with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 95, the adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause mortality at estimated glomerular filtration rate 45 was 1.32 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.61) in women and 1.22 (1.00 to 1.48) in men (P(interaction)<0.01). Compared with a urinary albumin-creatinine ratio of 5, the adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause mortality at urinary albumin-creatinine ratio 30 was 1.69 (1.54 to 1.84) in women and 1.43 (1.31 to 1.57) in men (P(interaction)<0.01). Conversely, there was no evidence of a sex difference in associations of estimated glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio with end stage renal disease risk.
conclusionsBoth sexes face increased risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and end stage renal disease with lower estimated glomerular filtration rates and higher albuminuria. These findings were robust across a large global consortium.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.