ArticleThe European journal of neuroscience2013
Motor cortex electrical stimulation promotes axon outgrowth to brain stem and spinal targets that control the forelimb impaired by unilateral corticospinal injury.
Article in The European journal of neuroscience, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Improvements in hand function after intensive bimanual training are not associated with corticospinal tract dysgenesis in children with unilateral cerebral palsy.Experimental brain research · 2014Trial
- Chronic activation of corticospinal tract neurons after pyramidotomy injury enhances neither behavioral recovery nor axonal sprouting.Experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Transcranial Optogenetic Stimulation Promotes Corticospinal Tract Axon Regeneration to Repair Spinal Cord Injury by Activating the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway.Neurospine · 2025Article
- Hyperactive delta isoform of PI3 kinase enables long-distance regeneration of adult rat corticospinal tract.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Unlocking nerve regeneration: electrical stimulation and bioscaffolds to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- The diversity and plasticity of descending motor pathways rewired after stroke and trauma in rodents.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2025Review
- Molecular signaling predicts corticospinal axon growth state and muscle response plasticity induced by neuromodulation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Coordinated neurostimulation promotes circuit rewiring and unlocks recovery after spinal cord injury.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- The therapeutic mechanism of transcranial iTBS on nerve regeneration and functional recovery in rats with complete spinal cord transection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Chronic muscle recordings reveal recovery of forelimb function in spinal injured female rats after cortical epidural stimulation combined with rehabilitation and chondroitinase ABC.Journal of neuroscience research · 2022Article
- Genetic control of neuronal activity enhances axonal growth only on permissive substrates.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2022Article
- Behavioral recovery after a spinal deafferentation injury in monkeys does not correlate with extent of corticospinal sprouting.Behavioural brain research · 2022Article
- Ipsilateral motor pathways to the lower limb after stroke: Insights and opportunities.Journal of neuroscience research · 2021Review
- Diabetes Mellitus-Related Dysfunction of the Motor System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Electrical Stimulation as a Tool to Promote Plasticity of the Injured Spinal Cord.Journal of neurotrauma · 2020Review
- Somatosensory corticospinal tract axons sprout within the cervical cord following a dorsal root/dorsal column spinal injury in the rat.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2020Article
- Neurostimulation and Reach-to-Grasp Function Recovery Following Acquired Brain Injury: Insight From Pre-clinical Rodent Models and Human Applications.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- Non-invasive High Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (hfrTMS) Robustly Activates Molecular Pathways Implicated in Neuronal Growth and Synaptic Plasticity in Select Populations of Neurons.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Article
- Independent replication of motor cortex and cervical spinal cord electrical stimulation to promote forelimb motor function after spinal cord injury in rats.Experimental neurology · 2019Article
- Dynamic Interaction between Cortico-Brainstem Pathways during Training-Induced Recovery in Stroke Model Rats.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We previously showed that electrical stimulation of motor cortex (M1) after unilateral pyramidotomy in the rat increased corticospinal tract (CST) axon length, strengthened spinal connections, and restored forelimb function. Here, we tested: (i) if M1 stimulation only increases spinal axon length or if it also promotes connections to brain stem forelimb control centers, especially magnocellular red nucleus; and (ii) if stimulation-induced increase in axon length depends on whether pyramidotomy denervated the structure. After unilateral pyramidotomy, we electrically stimulated the forelimb area of intact M1, to activate the intact CST and other corticofugal pathways, for 10 days. We anterogradely labeled stimulated M1 and measured axon length using stereology. Stimulation increased axon length in both the spinal cord and magnocellular red nucleus, even though the spinal cord is denervated by pyramidotomy and the red nucleus is not. Stimulation also promoted outgrowth in the cuneate and parvocellular red nuclei. In the spinal cord, electrical stimulation caused increased axon length ipsilateral, but not contralateral, to stimulation. Thus, stimulation promoted outgrowth preferentially to the sparsely corticospinal-innervated and impaired side. Outgrowth resulted in greater axon density in the ipsilateral dorsal horn and intermediate zone, resembling the contralateral termination pattern. Importantly, as in spinal cord, increase in axon length in brain stem also was preferentially directed towards areas less densely innervated by the stimulated system. Thus, M1 electrical stimulation promotes increases in corticofugal axon length to multiple M1 targets. We propose the axon length change was driven by competition into an adaptive pattern resembling lost connections.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.