ReviewInternational reviews of immunology2013
Host defense at the ocular surface.
Review in International reviews of immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond the Barrier: Overcoming Ocular Antimicrobial Resistance Through AI and Novel Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Impact of innate immune factors on the persistence of Staphylococcus aureus in the ocular environment.Experimental eye research · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis and treatment strategies for infectious keratitis: Exploring antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, nanotechnology, and emerging therapies.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025Review
- Article
- Unveiling the Web: Exploring the Multifaceted Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Ocular Health and Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Galectin-8 Downmodulates TLR4 Activation and Impairs Bacterial Clearance in a Mouse Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- A rise in the frequency ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Innate Immune System Activation, Inflammation and Corneal Wound Healing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Condensins are essential for Pseudomonas aeruginosa corneal virulence through their control of lifestyle and virulence programs.Molecular microbiology · 2022Article
- Anti-CD80/86 antibodies inhibit inflammatory reaction and improve graft survival in a high-risk murine corneal transplantation rejection model.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- MiR-223-3p Regulates Autophagy and Inflammation by Targeting ATG16L1 in Fusarium solani-Induced Keratitis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis Pathway Contributes to the Pathogenesis ofFrontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Shotgun metagenomic sequencing analysis of ocular surface microbiome in Singapore residents with mild dry eye.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Antibiotics Used in Empiric Treatment of Ocular Infections Trigger the Bacterial Rcs Stress Response System Independent of Antibiotic Susceptibility.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Anandamide Concentration-Dependently Modulates Toll-Like Receptor 3 Agonism or UVB-Induced Inflammatory Response of Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- The Rcs Stress Response System Regulator GumB Modulates Serratia marcescens-Induced Inflammation and Bacterial Proliferation in a Rabbit Keratitis Model and CytotoxicityInfection and immunity · 2021Article
- Transcription Factor EepR Is Required forAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Microbial infections of the cornea frequently cause painful, blinding and debilitating disease that is often difficult to treat and may require corneal transplantation. In addition, sterile corneal infiltrates that are associated with contact lens wear cause pain, visual impairment and photophobia. In this article, we review the role of Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) in bacterial keratitis and sterile corneal infiltrates, and describe the role of MD-2 regulation in LPS responsiveness by corneal epithelial cells. We conclude that both live bacteria and bacterial products activate Toll-Like Receptors in the cornea, which leads to chemokine production and neutrophil recruitment to the corneal stroma. While neutrophils are essential for bacterial killing, they also cause tissue damage that results in loss of corneal clarity. These disparate outcomes, therefore, represent a spectrum of disease severity based on this pathway, and further indicate that targeting the TLR pathway is a feasible approach to treating inflammation caused by live bacteria and microbial products. Further, as the P. aeruginosa type III secretion system (T3SS) also plays a critical role in disease pathogenesis by inducing neutrophil apoptosis and facilitating bacterial growth in the cornea, T3SS exotoxins are additional targets for therapy for P. aeruginosa keratitis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.