ArticleIranian journal of medical sciences2011
Nail biting; etiology, consequences and management.
Article in Iranian journal of medical sciences, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of effort-reward imbalance with fingernail cortisol levels in apparel manufacturing workers.Industrial health · 2026Article
- Psychosomatic oral manifestations among pediatric patients: A cross sectional observational study.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- Prevalence and correlates of onychophagia among Egyptian medical students: a cross-sectional study.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- An Examination of Impulsivity and Metacognitions in Adolescents with Body-Focused Repetitive Behavior Disorders.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Self-Induced Nail Disorders: Clinical and Demographical Features.International journal of dermatology · 2025Article
- Risk factors for dental anxiety and cooperativeness in pediatric patients with or without oral habits (bruxism, nail biting, and thumb sucking).BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Art therapy to control nail biting using a cognitive behavioral approach through new innovative game and animation.Discover mental health · 2024Article
- A review of psychocutaneous disorders from a psychotherapeutic perspective-Toolkit for the dermatologist.Skin health and disease · 2023Review
- Association between children's resilience and practising oral habits: a cross-sectional study.British dental journal · 2023Article
- Nail-Associated Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors: Habit-Tic Nail Deformity, Onychophagia, and Onychotillomania.Cureus · 2022Article
- Association of oral parafunctional habits with anxiety and the Big-Five Personality Traits in the Saudi adult population.The Saudi dental journal · 2021Article
- A fixed intraoral nail biting habit-breaker appliance: A case report of a novel approach to prevent onychophagia.Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects · 2019Article
- Neurocognitive Findings in Onychophagia (Pathological Nail Biting).The Psychiatric quarterly · 2017Article
- New Approach to Managing Onychophagia.Case reports in dentistry · 2016Article
- Masochistic habits in a child patient: A case report and its management.International journal of critical illness and injury science · 2013Article
- Habit Reversal versus Object Manipulation Training for Treating Nail Biting: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.Iranian journal of psychiatry · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nail biting (NB) is a common, but unresolved, problem in psychiatry, psychology, medicine and dentistry. While it seems that NB is a simple behavior that can be stopped easily, many of the children with NB have already tried to stop it, but they have not been successful. The frustrations due to failed attempt involve others such as parents and siblings. The present review aims at providing an overview of prevalence, co-morbidities, education and counseling, and management for NB. Overall, the reviewed literatures suggest that co-morbidities of psychiatric disorders and other stereotypic behaviors in clinical sample of children with NB is more than 80%, and more than half of the parents suffer from psychiatric disorders mainly depression. Treatment of NB, however, is not as easy as it seems. The management of NB is much more complicated than just focusing on stopping it. Nail biting cannot be managed without considering its co-morbidities, antecedents and consequences. It might be concluded form the reviewed literature that children with NB, parents, siblings, and teachers should be educated about what to do and what not to do about NB. Punishment is not effective. Moreover, clinical randomized controlled trials are required to make available evidence-based behavioral and pharmacologic treatment protocols.
Indexed as
Identifiers
23358880PMC3556753W2138909147What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.