Trial reportAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2013
Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and excretion of the antiviral drug arbidol in humans.
Trial report in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Antiviral Agents Used to Treat SARS-CoV-2 and Their Potential Interaction with Drugs and Other Supportive Measures: A Comprehensive Review by the PK/PD of Anti-Infectives Study Group of the European Society of Antimicrobial Agents.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2020Pooled it
- Review of trials currently testing treatment and prevention of COVID-19.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Enhanced Antiviral Activity of Novel Umifenovir Derivatives against SARS-CoV-2: Insights from an International Collaborative Study.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Mass balance, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of [Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- From neuraminidase inhibitors to novel mechanisms: expanding therapeutic strategies against influenza.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Antivirals in COVID-19: A Focus on Pediatric Cardiac Patients.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2025Review
- How to use COVID-19 antiviral drugs in patients with chronic kidney disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Inhibitory effect of napabucasin on arbidol metabolism and its mechanism research.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Roles of selected non-P450 human oxidoreductase enzymes in protective and toxic effects of chemicals: review and compilation of reactions.Archives of toxicology · 2022Review
- Repurposing of antiviral drugs for COVID-19 and impact of repurposed drugs on the nervous system.Microbial pathogenesis · 2022Review
- A Sustainable Strategy for Solid-Phase Extraction of Antiviral Drug from Environmental Waters by Immobilized Hydrogen Bond Acceptor.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effective degradation of COVID-19 related drugs by biochar-supported red mud catalyst activated persulfate process: Mechanism and pathway.Journal of cleaner production · 2022Article
- Antiviral drug Umifenovir (Arbidol) in municipal wastewater during the COVID-19 pandemic: Estimated levels and transformation.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Pharmacogenetics and Precision Medicine Approaches for the Improvement of COVID-19 Therapies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Kidney injury in COVID-19 patients, drug development and their renal complications: Review study.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2021Review
- Molecular docking, binding mode analysis, molecular dynamics, and prediction of ADMET/toxicity properties of selective potential antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 main protease: an effort toward drug repurposing to combat COVID-19.Molecular diversity · 2021Article
- Predicted occurrence, ecotoxicological risk and environmentally acquired resistance of antiviral drugs associated with COVID-19 in environmental waters.The Science of the total environment · 2021Article
- Disease-drug and drug-drug interaction in COVID-19: Risk and assessment.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2021Review
- Inhibition of Arenaviruses by Combinations of Orally Available Approved Drugs.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2021Article
- Cross-linking peptide and repurposed drugs inhibit both entry pathways of SARS-CoV-2.Nature communications · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Arbidol is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that is used clinically to treat influenza. In this study, the pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and excretion of arbidol were investigated in healthy male Chinese volunteers after a single oral administration of 200 mg of arbidol hydrochloride. A total of 33 arbidol metabolites were identified in human plasma, urine, and feces. The principal biotransformation pathways included sulfoxidation, dimethylamine N-demethylation, glucuronidation, and sulfate conjugation. The major drug-related component in the plasma was sulfinylarbidol (M6-1), followed by unmetabolized arbidol, N-demethylsulfinylarbidol (M5), and sulfonylarbidol (M8). The exposures of M5, M6-1, and M8, as determined by the metabolite-to-parent area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to t (AUC(0-t)) ratio, were 0.9 ± 0.3, 11.5 ± 3.6, and 0.5 ± 0.2, respectively. In human urine, glucuronide and sulfate conjugates were detected as the major metabolites, accounting for 6.3% of the dose excreted within 0 to 96 h after drug administration. The fecal specimens mainly contained the unchanged arbidol, accounting for 32.4% of the dose. Microsomal incubation experiments demonstrated that the liver and intestines were the major organs that metabolize arbidol in humans. CYP3A4 was the major isoform involved in arbidol metabolism, whereas the other P450s and flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) played minor roles. These results indicated possible drug interactions between arbidol and CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers. Further investigations are needed to understand the importance of M6-1 in the efficacy and safety of arbidol, because of its high plasma exposure and long elimination half-life (25.0 h).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.