ArticleEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2013
A three-way decomposition of a total effect into direct, indirect, and interactive effects.
Article in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04928209 (Teletherapy to Address Language Disparities in Deaf and Hard-of-hearing Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 94 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Teletherapy to Address Language Disparities in Deaf and Hard-of-hearing Children
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The association between leukocyte telomere length and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is partially mediated by inflammation: a meta-analysis and population-based mediation study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2022Pooled it
- The mediating role of social support in behavioral changes and weight loss outcomes among overweight Appalachian adults.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Trial
- Article
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- Sleep disturbances during perimenopause and later-life cognitive function.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Determining the Impact of a Physiotherapist-Led Primary Care Model for Hip and Knee Pain: Protocol and Analysis Plan for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial With Process Evaluation.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Mediation analysis in longitudinal intervention studies with an ordinal treatment-dependent confounder.Statistical methods in medical research · 2026Article
- Determining the Impact of a Physiotherapist-Led Primary Care Model for Low Back Pain: Protocol and Analysis Plan for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial and Embedded Process Evaluation.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Examining the role of systemic inflammation as a mediator of the glycaemia-brain volume associations in women.PloS one · 2026Article
- Causal Mediation Analysis for Effect Heterogeneity.Observational studies · 2026Article
- Sex and gender differences in the associations between psychosocial stressors at work and coronary heart disease incidence: An 18-year longitudinal study of 5192 Canadian workers.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- Three-Way Decomposition for Applied Health Equity Research: A Practical Tutorial to Understand and Address Inequalities.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2025Article
- Lipid metabolism-related inflammatory indices (LMIIs) and incident peripheral artery diseases (PAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): a multicohort study from China and the UK biobank.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Food insecurity and the risk of diabetes: understanding the role of BMI as a mediator and moderator.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Article
- Circulating amyloid beta 1-40 peptide as an associate of renal function decline.European journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Invited commentary: mental health services utilization disparities at the intersection of Asian ethnoracial identity and limited English proficiency.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Pathways through which water, sanitation, hygiene, and nutrition interventions reduce antibiotic use in young children: a mediation analysis of a cohort nested within a cluster-randomized trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Evolving racial/ethnic disparities in AML survival in the novel therapy era.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Mediating effects of physical activities and cognitive function on the relationship between dietary diversity and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older adults.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Pathways through which water, sanitation, hygiene, and nutrition interventions reduce antibiotic use in young children: a mediation analysis of a cluster-randomized trial.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Recent theory in causal inference has provided concepts for mediation analysis and effect decomposition that allow one to decompose a total effect into a direct and an indirect effect. Here, it is shown that what is often taken as an indirect effect can in fact be further decomposed into a "pure" indirect effect and a mediated interactive effect, thus yielding a three-way decomposition of a total effect (direct, indirect, and interactive). This three-way decomposition applies to difference scales and also to additive ratio scales and additive hazard scales. Assumptions needed for the identification of each of these three effects are discussed and simple formulae are given for each when regression models allowing for interaction are used. The three-way decomposition is illustrated by examples from genetic and perinatal epidemiology, and discussion is given to what is gained over the traditional two-way decomposition into a direct and an indirect effect.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.