ArticleCilia2012
Analysis of ependymal ciliary beat pattern and beat frequency using high speed imaging: comparison with the photomultiplier and photodiode methods.
Article in Cilia, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Specialized Shh-sensing cell with unique cilia and basal body in the forebrain ventricular epithelium.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Advection versus diffusion in brain ventricular transport.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Light-sheet laser speckle imaging for cilia motility assessment.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2023Article
- Quantifying cilia beat frequency using high-speed video microscopy: Assessing frame rate requirements when imaging different ciliated tissues.Physiological reports · 2022Article
- Impact of Motile Ciliopathies on Human Development and Clinical Consequences in the Newborn.Cells · 2021Review
- Motile ciliopathies.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2020Review
- Loss of Rsph9 causes neonatal hydrocephalus with abnormal development of motile cilia in mice.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Motile cilia of the male reproductive system require miR-34/miR-449 for development and function to generate luminal turbulence.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Male reproductive tract cilia beat to a different drummer.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Alcohol consumption impairs the ependymal cilia motility in the brain ventricles.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Visualization and Detection of Ciliary Beating Pattern and Frequency in the Upper Airway using Phase Resolved Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Assessment of ciliary phenotype in primary ciliary dyskinesia by micro-optical coherence tomography.JCI insight · 2017Article
- Article
- Effects of histamine on ciliary beat frequency of ciliated cells from guinea pigs nasal mucosa.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2015Article
- Robust estimation of the motile cilia beating frequency.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2015Article
- Automated identification of abnormal respiratory ciliary motion in nasal biopsies.Science translational medicine · 2015Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
unlabelled
backgroundThe aim of this study was to compare beat frequency measurements of ependymal cilia made by digital high speed imaging to those obtained using the photomultiplier and modified photodiode techniques. Using high speed video analysis the relationship of the power and recover strokes was also determined.
methodsCiliated strips of ependyma attached to slices from the brain of Wistar rats were incubated at 30°C and observed using a ×50 water immersion lens. Ciliary beat frequency was measured using each of the three techniques: the high speed video, photodiode and photomultiplier. Readings were repeated after 30 minutes incubation at 37°C. Ependymal cilia were observed in slow motion and the precise movement of cilia during the recovery stroke relative to the path travelled during the power stroke was measured.
resultsThe mean (95% confidence intervals) beat frequencies determined by the high speed video, photomultiplier and photodiode at 30°C were 27.7 (26.6 to 28.8), 25.5 (24.4 to 26.6) and 20.8 (20.4 to 21.3) Hz, respectively. The mean (95% confidence intervals) beat frequencies determined by the high speed video, photomultiplier and photodiode at 37°C were 36.4 (34 to 39.5), 38.4 (36.8 to 39.9) and 18.8 (16.9 to 20.5) Hz. The inter and intra observer reliability for measurement of ciliary beat frequency was 3.8% and 1%, respectively. Ependymal cilia were observed to move in a planar fashion during the power and recovery strokes with a maximum deviation to the right of the midline of 12.1(11.8 to 13.0)° during the power stroke and 12.6(11.6 to 13.6)° to the left of the midline during the recovery stroke.
conclusionThe photodiode technique greatly underestimates ciliary beat frequency and should not be used to measure ependymal ciliary beat frequency at the temperatures studied. Ciliary beat frequency from the high speed video and photomultiplier techniques cannot be used interchangeably. Ependymal cilia had minimal deviation to the right side during their power stroke and to the left during the recovery stroke.
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Registered trials
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