ArticleVirology journal2013
Analysis of whole genome sequences of 16 strains of rubella virus from the United States, 1961-2009.
Article in Virology journal, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Measles and rubella: From global health challenges to advancements in molecular diagnostics in the elimination era.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Rubella virus mutations that confer resistance to inactivation at low pH.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Building Quality Control for Molecular Assays in the Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Review
- Continuous presence of genetically diverse rustrela virus lineages in yellow-necked field mouse reservoir populations in northeastern Germany.Virus evolution · 2023Article
- Exogenous Rubella Virus Capsid Proteins Enhance Virus Genome Replication.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Relatives of rubella virus in diverse mammals.Nature · 2020Article
- Infectious vaccine-derived rubella viruses emerge, persist, and evolve in cutaneous granulomas of children with primary immunodeficiencies.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- The pathogenesis of microcephaly resulting from congenital infections: why is my baby's head so small?European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2018Review
- Genetic diversity of currently circulating rubella viruses: a need to define more precise viral groups.The Journal of general virology · 2017Article
- Analysis of complete genomes of the rubella virus genotypes 1E and 2B which circulated in China, 2000-2013.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Illuminating uveitis: metagenomic deep sequencing identifies common and rare pathogens.Genome medicine · 2016Article
- Application of Oral Fluid Assays in Support of Mumps, Rubella and Varicella Control Programs.Vaccines · 2015Review
- Genomic characterization of a persistent rubella virus from a case of Fuch' uveitis syndrome in a 73 year old man.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2015Article
- Evolutionary analysis of rubella viruses in mainland China during 2010-2012: endemic circulation of genotype 1E and introductions of genotype 2B.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Differences in Establishment of Persistence of Vaccine and Wild Type Rubella Viruses in Fetal Endothelial Cells.PloS one · 2015Article
- The influence of secondary structure, selection and recombination on rubella virus nucleotide substitution rate estimates.Virology journal · 2014Article
- Molecular evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of genotypes 1G and 2B of rubella virus.PloS one · 2014Article
- Article
- Genomics and outbreak investigation: from sequence to consequence.Genome medicine · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Rubella virus is the causative agent of rubella, a mild rash illness, and a potent teratogenic agent when contracted by a pregnant woman. Global rubella control programs target the reduction and elimination of congenital rubella syndrome. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of rubella viruses has contributed to virus surveillance efforts and played an important role in demonstrating that indigenous rubella viruses have been eliminated in the United States. Sixteen wild-type rubella viruses were chosen for whole genome sequencing. All 16 viruses were collected in the United States from 1961 to 2009 and are from 8 of the 13 known rubella genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis of 30 whole genome sequences produced a maximum likelihood tree giving high bootstrap values for all genotypes except provisional genotype 1a. Comparison of the 16 new complete sequences and 14 previously sequenced wild-type viruses found regions with clusters of variable amino acids. The 5' 250 nucleotides of the genome are more conserved than any other part of the genome. Genotype specific deletions in the untranslated region between the non-structural and structural open reading frames were observed for genotypes 2B and genotype 1G. No evidence was seen for recombination events among the 30 viruses. The analysis presented here is consistent with previous reports on the genetic characterization of rubella virus genomes. Conserved and variable regions were identified and additional evidence for genotype specific nucleotide deletions in the intergenic region was found. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed genotype groupings originally based on structural protein coding region sequences, which provides support for the WHO nomenclature for genetic characterization of wild-type rubella viruses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.