ArticlePloS one2013
Could public restrooms be an environment for bacterial resistomes?
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Transmission of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in public washrooms: A systematic review.The Science of the total environment · 2022Pooled it
- Genomic characterization of an ESBL-producingMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS): An Emerging Threat, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Health Concern.International journal of microbiology · 2026Review
- Comparative resistome from toilet waste in three different income areas, Bangkok, Thailand.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Targeted probe capture metagenomics-enabled surveillance of multidrug-resistant organisms and antimicrobial resistance genes in post-handwashing areas of public washrooms.Environmental microbiome · 2025Article
- Genomic characterization of an ESBL-producingMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Prevalence and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci from urban wastewater in Delhi-NCR, India.Archives of microbiology · 2024Article
- Surveillance of Bacterial Load and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria on Surfaces of Public Restrooms.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- The antibacterial performance of a residual disinfectant againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- High Bacterial Contamination Load of Self-Service Facilities in Sakaka City, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia, with Reduced Sensitivity to Some Antimicrobials.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Short- and Long-Read Sequencing Reveals the Presence and Evolution of an IncF Plasmid HarboringMicrobiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Indoor particle dispersion due to hand dryer in public washroom: an in silico study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Whole-Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomics Analysis of a Newly Emerged Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolate of ST967.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Airborne bacterial species in indoor air and association with physical factors.UCL open. Environment · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial-ResistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Surveillance and prevalence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria from public settings within urban built environments: Challenges and opportunities for hygiene and infection control.Environment international · 2021Review
- Evaluation of Methods for Sampling of Staphylococcus aureus and Other Staphylococcus Species from Indoor Surfaces.Annals of work exposures and health · 2020Article
- Determination and Identification of Antibiotic Drugs and Bacterial Strains in Biological Samples.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization with MALDI-TOF-MS Based Identification ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Homelessness, Personal Hygiene, and MRSA Nasal Colonization among Persons Who Inject Drugs.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria remains a major problem and environments that help to maintain such resistance, represent a significant problem to infection control in the community. Restrooms have always been regarded as potential sources of infectious diseases and we suggest they have the potential to sustain bacterial "resistomes". Recent studies have demonstrated the wide range of different bacterial phyla that can be found in non-healthcare restrooms. In our study we focused on the Staphylococci. These species are often skin contaminants on man and have been reported as common restroom isolates in recent molecular studies. We collected samples from 18 toilets sited in 4 different public buildings. Using MALDI-TOF-MS and other techniques, we identified a wide range of antibiotic resistant Staphylococci and other bacteria from our samples. We identified 19 different Staphylococcal species within our isolates and 37.8% of the isolates were drug resistant. We also identified different Staphylococcal species with the same antibiograms inhabiting the same restrooms. Bacterial "resistomes" are communities of bacteria often localised in specific areas and within these environments drug resistance determinants may be freely transferred. Our study shows that non-healthcare restrooms are a source of antibiotic resistant bacteria where a collection of antibiotic resistance genes in pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria could form a resistome containing a "nexus of genetic diversity"
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