Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23349499›Full record

ArticleDiabetes2013

Promotion of autoimmune diabetes by cereal diet in the presence or absence of microbes associated with gut immune activation, regulatory imbalance, and altered cathelicidin antimicrobial Peptide.

Christopher Patrick, Gen-Sheng Wang, David E Lefebvre, Jennifer A Crookshank, Brigitte Sonier, Chandra Eberhard, Majid Mojibian, Christopher R Kennedy, Stephen P J Brooks, Martin L Kalmokoff and 4 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
7.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.

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  15. Article
  16. Innate inflammation in type 1 diabetes.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2016
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. The gut microbiota and Type 1 Diabetes.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2015
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Christopher PatrickChronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Gen-Sheng Wang
David E Lefebvre
Jennifer A Crookshank
Brigitte Sonier
Chandra Eberhard
Majid Mojibian
Christopher R Kennedy
Stephen P J Brooks
Martin L Kalmokoff
Mariantonia Maglio
Riccardo Troncone
Philippe Poussier
Fraser W Scott
Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawa Hospital · CAUniversity of Ottawa · CAAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada · CAHealth Canada · CAHealth Sciences Centre · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We are exposed to millions of microbial and dietary antigens via the gastrointestinal tract, which likely play a key role in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We differentiated the effects of these two major environmental factors on gut immunity and T1D. Diabetes-prone BioBreeding (BBdp) rats were housed in specific pathogen-free (SPF) or germ-free (GF) conditions and weaned onto diabetes-promoting cereal diets or a protective low-antigen hydrolyzed casein (HC) diet, and T1D incidence was monitored. Fecal microbiota 16S rRNA genes, immune cell distribution, and gene expression in the jejunum were analyzed. T1D was highest in cereal-SPF (65%) and cereal-GF rats (53%) but inhibited and delayed in HC-fed counterparts. Nearly all HC-GF rats remained diabetes-free, whereas HC-fed SPF rats were less protected (7 vs. 29%). Bacterial communities differed in SPF rats fed cereal compared with HC. Cereal-SPF rats displayed increased gut CD3(+) and CD8α(+) lymphocytes, ratio of Ifng to Il4 mRNA, and Lck expression, indicating T-cell activation. The ratio of CD3(+) T cells expressing the Treg marker Foxp3(+) was highest in HC-GF and lowest in cereal-SPF rats. Resident CD163(+) M2 macrophages were increased in HC-protected rats. The cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (Camp) gene was upregulated in the jejunum of HC diet-protected rats, and CAMP(+) cells colocalized with CD163. A cereal diet was a stronger promoter of T1D than gut microbes in association with impaired gut immune homeostasis.

Indexed as

AdolescentAnimalsAntimicrobial Cationic PeptidesCathelicidinsChildDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Edible GrainFemaleGastrointestinal TractHumansImmunohistochemistryJejunumMaleRatsRats, Inbred BBReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionAntimicrobial Cationic PeptidesCathelicidins

Identifiers

PMID23349499
PMCPMC3661603
OpenAlexW2164875343

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.