SynthesisJournal of the National Cancer Institute2013
Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of breast cancer by hormone receptor status.
Synthesis in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 180 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary factors associated with breast cancer among women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet reduces the risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Potato Consumption and Risk of Site-Specific Cancers in Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Fruit and vegetable consumption and incident breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.British journal of cancer · 2021Pooled it
- Intake of Various Food Groups and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Healthy dietary patterns and risk and survival of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2019Pooled it
- Apple intake and cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Public health nutrition · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Influence of a Multidisciplinary Program of Diet, Exercise, and Mindfulness on the Quality of Life of Stage IIA-IIB Breast Cancer Survivors.Integrative cancer therapiesTrial
- Planetary Health Diet Index and breast cancer risk.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Integrated Metabolomics and Selection Signal Analysis Provide Insights Into the Selection for Flavonol Biosynthesis Associated With Lettuce Quality Improvement.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Proinflammatory dietary pattern and risk of total and subtypes of breast cancer among US women.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Banana Supplementation for Breast Cancer Surgery Patients: A Two-Center Experience.Breast care (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Altered salivary microbiota associated with high-sugar beverage consumption.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Lifetime dairy product consumption and breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study by tumor subtypes.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- A Case-control Study on the Association of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption with Risk of Breast Cancer.International journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Recent Advances in Drug Discovery for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Research on Health Disparities: Strategies and Findings From the Black Women's Health Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Causal relationship between dietary factors and breast cancer risk: A Mendelian randomization study.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: 21st Century Advances, Gaps to Address through Interdisciplinary Science.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2023Review
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
40 authors at 20 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEstrogen receptor-negative (ER(-)) breast cancer has few known or modifiable risk factors. Because ER(-) tumors account for only 15% to 20% of breast cancers, large pooled analyses are necessary to evaluate precisely the suspected inverse association between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of ER(-) breast cancer.
methodsAmong 993 466 women followed for 11 to 20 years in 20 cohort studies, we documented 19 869 estrogen receptor positive (ER(+)) and 4821 ER(-) breast cancers. We calculated study-specific multivariable relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses and then combined them using a random-effects model. All statistical tests were two-sided.
resultsTotal fruit and vegetable intake was statistically significantly inversely associated with risk of ER(-) breast cancer but not with risk of breast cancer overall or of ER(+) tumors. The inverse association for ER(-) tumors was observed primarily for vegetable consumption. The pooled relative risks comparing the highest vs lowest quintile of total vegetable consumption were 0.82 (95% CI = 0.74 to 0.90) for ER(-) breast cancer and 1.04 (95% CI = 0.97 to 1.11) for ER(+) breast cancer (P (common-effects) by ER status < .001). Total fruit consumption was non-statistically significantly associated with risk of ER(-) breast cancer (pooled multivariable RR comparing the highest vs lowest quintile = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.85 to 1.04).
conclusionsWe observed no association between total fruit and vegetable intake and risk of overall breast cancer. However, vegetable consumption was inversely associated with risk of ER(-) breast cancer in our large pooled analyses.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.