ArticleEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2013
Prenatal and infant exposures and age at menarche.
Article in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between birth weight/rapid weight gain and early menarche: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on cohort studies.BMC pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Racial disparities in uterine fibroids and endometriosis: a systematic review and application of social, structural, and political context.Fertility and sterility · 2023Pooled it
- Association of the Age at Menarche with Site-Specific Cancer Risks in Pooled Data from Nine Cohorts.Cancer research · 2021Pooled it
- Pubertal timing in boys and girls born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.European journal of endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Age at menarche and the future risk of gestational diabetes: a systematic review and dose response meta-analysis.Acta diabetologica · 2018Pooled it
- Association of prenatal and childhood environment smoking exposure with puberty timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Preterm birth and the timing of puberty: a systematic review.BMC pediatrics · 2018Pooled it
- Nongenetic determinants of age at menarche: a systematic review.BioMed research international · 2014Pooled it
- Exploring the Health Effects of Phytoestrogens.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Reproductive health characteristics among women living in severe poverty in urban Haiti.Reproductive health · 2025Observational
- Early life factors of precocious puberty based on Korean nationwide data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Constructing a logistic regression-based prediction model for subsequent early pregnancy loss in women with pregnancy loss.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- The Impact of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Minipuberty in Girls.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Associations between birthweight and preterm birth and the ages at menarche and menopause.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- Indications of younger age at menarche in Greek adolescents but with no relation to body mass index.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2024Article
- Prenatal, newborn and childhood factors and the timing of puberty in boys and girls.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Study ofChildren (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Maternal Age at Menarche Genes Determines Fetal Growth Restriction Risk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Association of age at menarche with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: A large prospective cohort in China.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2023Article
- Maternal Age at Menarche Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Offspring Birth Weight.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEarly menarche is related to increased risk of breast cancer. The number of established factors that contribute to early menarche is limited. We studied prenatal and infant exposures in relation to age at menarche in a nationwide cohort of women who have a family history of breast cancer.
methodsThe study comprised 33,501 women in the Sister Study who were 35-59 years of age at baseline (2003-2009). We used polytomous logistic regression to estimate separate relative risk ratios (rRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations of self-reported exposures with menarche at ≤10, 11, 14, and ≥15 years relative to menarche at 12-13 years.
resultsEarly menarche (≤10 or 11 years) was associated with having low birth weight, having had a teenage mother, being firstborn, and specific prenatal exposures: mother's smoking, diethylstilbestrol (DES), prepregnancy diabetes, and pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder. Prenatal exposures most strongly associated with very early menarche (≤10 years) were DES (rRR = 1.56 [95% CI = 1.24-1.96]), maternal prepregnancy diabetes (2.24 [1.37-3.68]), and pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder (1.45 [1.18-1.79]). Soy formula was associated with both very early menarche (1.21 [0.94-1.54]) and late menarche (14 years: 1.17 [0.98-1.40] or ≥15 years: 1.28 [1.06-1.56]).
conclusionsAlthough menarche is only one marker of pubertal development, it is a commonly used surrogate. The observed associations of prenatal DES and soy formula exposure with age at menarche are consistent with animal data on exogenous estrogens and pubertal timing. Early-life exposures may confound associations between age at menarche and hormonally dependent outcomes in adults.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.