ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2013
Glucuronic acid and the ethanol metabolite ethyl-glucuronide cause toll-like receptor 4 activation and enhanced pain.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heat-Killed Bifidobacterium longum ZFML0012 Alleviates Rheumatoid Arthritis via Gut-Joint Axis Regulation: Remodeling Microbiota, Boosting SCFAs/L-Glutamine, and Rebalancing Th17/Treg Immunity.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- Alcohol use disorder-associated pain: clinical and preclinical evidence.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2025Review
- Association between plasma glucuronic acid levels and clinical features in schizophrenia.BJPsych open · 2025Article
- Targeted prebiotic application of gluconic acid-containing oligosaccharides promotes Faecalibacterium growth through microbial cross-feeding networks.The ISME journal · 2025Article
- The Effectiveness of the Low-Glycemic and Insulinemic (LOGI) Regimen in Maintaining the Benefits of the VLCKD in Fibromyalgia Patients.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Uncovering the impact of alcohol on internal organs and reproductive health: Exploring TLR4/NF-kB and CYP2E1/ROS/Nrf2 pathways.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Pharmacological evaluation and phytochemical profiling of butanol extract of L. edodes with in- silico virtual screening.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Effects of dietary l-carnosine supplementation on the growth, intestinal microbiota, and serum metabolome of fattening lambs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Integrated clinical and metabolomic analysis identifies molecular signatures, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets in primary angle closure glaucoma.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Article
- Ethanol Metabolism and Melanoma.Cancers · 2023Review
- A host-gut microbial amino acid co-metabolite,Tissue barriers · 2023Article
- The associations between metabolic profiles and sexual and physical abuse in depressed adolescent psychiatric outpatients: an exploratory pilot study.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2023Article
- Review
- Machine Learning and Pathway Analysis-Based Discovery of Metabolomic Markers Relating to Chronic Pain Phenotypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Morphine-3-Glucuronide, Physiology and Behavior.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Review
- Review
- The Relationship between Pain Sensitivity, Pain Catastrophizing and Hangover Severity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Serum Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Associations With Inflammation in Newly Diagnosed Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Muscle Metabolome Profiles in Woody Breast-(un)Affected Broilers: Effects of Quantum Blue Phytase-Enriched Diet.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We have previously observed that the non-opioid morphine metabolite, morphine-3-glucuronide, enhances pain via a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) dependent mechanism. The present studies were undertaken to determine whether TLR4-dependent pain enhancement generalizes to other classes of glucuronide metabolites. In silico modeling predicted that glucuronic acid alone and ethyl glucuronide, a minor but long-lasting ethanol metabolite, would dock to the same MD-2 portion of the TLR4 receptor complex previously characterized as the docking site for morphine-3-glucuronide. Glucuronic acid, ethyl glucuronide and ethanol all caused an increase in TLR4-dependent reporter protein expression in a cell line transfected with TLR4 and associated co-signaling molecules. Glucuronic acid-, ethyl glucuronide-, and ethanol-induced increases in TLR4 signaling were blocked by the TLR4 antagonists LPS-RS and (+)-naloxone. Glucuronic acid and ethyl glucuronide both caused allodynia following intrathecal injection in rats, which was blocked by intrathecal co-administration of the TLR4 antagonist LPS-RS. The finding that ethyl glucuronide can cause TLR4-dependent pain could have implications for human conditions such as hangover headache and alcohol withdrawal hyperalgesia, as well as suggesting that other classes of glucuronide metabolites could have similar effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.