ArticleBMC infectious diseases2013
Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from India, Pakistan and Bhutan in 2007-2011.
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19 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Temporal and geographic trends in extended-spectrum cephalosporins resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- The frequency of mutations in theFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Global status of Azithromycin and Erythromycin Resistance Rates inThe Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2022Pooled it
- On the pathway to better birth outcomes? A systematic review of azithromycin and curable sexually transmitted infections.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2013Pooled it
- Whole genome sequencing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae among key populations in two cities of Bangladesh reveals genomic diversity and stable antimicrobial resistance.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- SuperbugCurrent topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial resistance among GLASS priority pathogens from Pakistan: 2006-2018.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Use of the mtrR Gene for Rapid Molecular Diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Identification of the Reduction of Susceptibility to Antibiotics in Endocervical Swabs.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2018Article
- Molecular Antimicrobial Resistance ofInfectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology · 2018Article
- Exploring quinolone resistance-determining region inThe Indian journal of medical research · 2017Article
- Antimicrobial resistance and Neisseria gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) genotypes in N. gonorrhoeae during 2012-2014 in Karachi, Pakistan.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in China: a meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Article
- The prevalence and epidemiology of plasmid-mediated penicillin and tetracycline resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Guangzhou, China, 2002-2012.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from symptomatic men attending the Nanjing sexually transmitted diseases clinic (2011-2012): genetic characteristics of isolates with reduced sensitivity to ceftriaxone.BMC infectious diseases · 2014Article
- Highly specific and efficient primers for in-house multiplex PCR detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum.BMC research notes · 2014Article
- The frequency of Neisseria gonorrhoeae endocervical infection among female carrier and changing trends of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in Kashan, Iran.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2014Article
- Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric mucosal atrophy in Bhutan, a country with a high prevalence of gastric cancer.Journal of medical microbiology · 2013Article
- Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Vietnam, 2011.BMC infectious diseases · 2013Article
- Risk factors associated with increasing prevalence of gonorrhea and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles ofIndian journal of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDSArticle
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7 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundKnowledge on antimicrobial drug resistance and genetic characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates circulating in India, Pakistan, and Bhutan is sorely lacking. In this paper, we describe the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and molecular characteristics of N. gonorrhoeae isolates from India, Pakistan, and Bhutan in 2007-2011.
methodsAntimicrobial susceptibility and β-lactamase production were tested for 65 N. gonorrhoeae isolates from India (n=40), Pakistan (n=18) and Bhutan (n=7) using Etest methodology (eight antimicrobials) and nitrocefin solution, respectively. Resistance determinants, i.e. penA, mtrR, porB1b, gyrA, and parC, were sequenced. N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) was performed for molecular epidemiology.
resultsThe highest resistance level was observed for ciprofloxacin (94%), followed by penicillin G (68%), erythromycin (62%), tetracycline (55%), and azithromycin (7.7%). All the isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, cefixime, and spectinomycin. Thirty-four (52%) of the isolates were producing β-lactamase. No penA mosaic alleles or A501-altered alleles of penicillin-binding protein 2 were identified. Forty-nine NG-MAST STs were identified, of which 42 STs have not been previously described worldwide.
conclusionsBased on this study, ceftriaxone, cefixime, and spectinomycin can be used as an empirical first-line therapy for gonorrhoea in India, Pakistan, and Bhutan, whereas ciprofloxacin, penicillin G, tetracycline, erythromycin, and azithromycin should not be. It is imperative to strengthen the laboratory infrastructure in this region, as well as to expand the phenotypic and genetic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, emergence of new resistance, particularly, to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and molecular epidemiology.
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