ArticleBrain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)2013
Encephalitis with infiltration by CD8+ lymphocytes in HIV patients receiving combination antiretroviral treatment.
Article in Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD8 T cells as drivers of blood-brain barrier disruption.Trends in neurosciences · 2025Review
- Changes in cerebrospinal fluid proteins across the spectrum of untreated and treated chronic HIV-1 infection.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Limited HIV-associated neuropathologies and lack of immune activation in sub-saharan African individuals with late-stage subtype C HIV-1 infection.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Article
- CD8 Encephalitis: A Diagnostic Dilemma.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Neuroimmunology of CNS HIV Infection: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- HIV-Associated CD8 Encephalitis: A UK Case Series and Review of Histopathologically Confirmed Cases.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- CD8 encephalitis with CSF EBV viraemia and HIV drug resistance, a case series.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2020Article
- Relapse of Symptomatic Cerebrospinal Fluid HIV Escape.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
- CD8BMC neurology · 2020Article
- Clinical Characteristics of HIV-Associated Optic Neuritis.International medical case reports journal · 2020Article
- Herpes zoster in HIV-1 infection: The role of CSF pleocytosis in secondary CSF escape and discordance.PloS one · 2020Article
- The "milky way" galaxy of HIV-related central nervous system immune reaction syndromes.Journal of neurovirology · 2019Article
- Does HIV infection contribute to increased beta-amyloid synthesis and plaque formation leading to neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease?Journal of neurovirology · 2019Review
- Global HIV neurology: a comprehensive review.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Review
- HIV Cerebrospinal Fluid Escape and Neurocognitive Pathology in the Era of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy: What Lies Beneath the Tip of the Iceberg in Sub-Saharan Africa?Brain sciences · 2018Review
- Neuroimmune Axes of the Blood-Brain Barriers and Blood-Brain Interfaces: Bases for Physiological Regulation, Disease States, and Pharmacological Interventions.Pharmacological reviews · 2018Review
- Humanized mice: models for evaluating NeuroHIV and cure strategies.Journal of neurovirology · 2018Review
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Brain-Culprit or Facilitator?Infectious diseases · 2018Review
- Lymphocyte-Dominant Encephalitis and Meningitis in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy.The American journal of pathology · 2018Article
- Highlights of the Global HIV-1 CSF Escape Consortium Meeting, 9 June 2016, Bethesda, MD, USA.Journal of virus eradication · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We report the neuropathological findings in 10 HIV-infected patients treated by combination antiretroviral therapy who developed subacute encephalopathy of rapidly progressive onset. Brain biopsy showed encephalitic lesions variably associated with myelin loss and slight axonal damage. There was inconstant, weak expression of HIV protein p24; tests for other pathogens were negative. The most striking feature was diffuse, perivascular and intraparenchymal infiltration by CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Six patients improved after the treatment. Four had an unfavorable outcome and died within a year. Post-mortem in one case confirmed HIV leukoencephalitis with p24-positive multinucleated giant cells, associated with acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in the cerebellum. There was diffuse infiltration by CD8+ lymphocytes; CD4+ cells were virtually absent. These cases may represent a specific clinicopathological entity, of which a few comparable cases have been already described. They can be included in the wide framework of immune reconstitution disease. Such syndromes have been described with opportunistic infections, but only seldom with HIV infection of the central nervous system (CNS). Our findings support the hypothesis that CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes can be harmful in immune reconstitution disease, particularly in the absence of CD4+ lymphocytes. CD8 cytotoxicity produces an acutization of a smoldering infection and/or an immunopathological reaction similar to ADEM.
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