ArticleEnvironmental science & technology2013
Identification of viral pathogen diversity in sewage sludge by metagenome analysis.
Article in Environmental science & technology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 153 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
153 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Occurrence of viruses in sewage sludge: A systematic review.The Science of the total environment · 2022Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste: A review about virus surveillance, infectivity, and inactivation.Environmental research · 2022Pooled it
- Wastewater-Based Surveillance of Human Papillomavirus Genotype Diversity.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of Viral Communities in Hospital, University and Urban Wastewater by Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Revealing the hidden burden: wastewater-based epidemiology for underreported and emerging infectious diseases in communities.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2026Review
- Transkingdom Interactions Between Viruses and Bacteria: Implications for Wastewater Treatment Efficiency.Food and environmental virology · 2026Review
- Metagenomic profiling of antimicrobial resistance in wastewater from metropolitan cities of India.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Effect of nucleic acid concentration method on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 detection sensitivity in aircraft wastewater.Journal of medical microbiology · 2026Article
- Strong catchment-specific structuring of Swedish wastewater microbiomes in a paired two-timepoint metagenomic survey.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Opportunities and Challenges of Multiomics for Discovery and Monitoring of Human Pathogens.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- Characterization of Human Viral Diversity and Adenovirus Isolates in a Sewage Treatment Plant in Tianjin: Implications for Public Health and Advanced Monitoring.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Advances in Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Pandemic Surveillance: Methodological Frameworks and Future Perspectives.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Wastewater and Clinical Based Epidemiology for Viral Surveillance in the Nile Delta of Egypt.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Harnessing phage consortia to mitigate the soil antibiotic resistome by targeting keystone taxa Streptomyces.Microbiome · 2025Article
- Article
- Recycling of Sewage Sludge: Synthesis and Application of Sludge-Based Activated Carbon in the Efficient Removal of Cadmium (II) and Lead (II) from Wastewater.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Comparison of Three Viral Nucleic Acid Preamplification Pipelines for Sewage Viral Metagenomics.Food and environmental virology · 2024Article
- Seasonality of respiratory, enteric, and urinary viruses revealed by wastewater genomic surveillance.mSphere · 2024Article
- Article
- Evaluation of the Impact of Concentration and Extraction Methods on the Targeted Sequencing of Human Viruses from Wastewater.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
93 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The large diversity of viruses that exist in human populations are potentially excreted into sewage collection systems and concentrated in sewage sludge. In the U.S., the primary fate of processed sewage sludge (class B biosolids) is application to agricultural land as a soil amendment. To characterize and understand infectious risks associated with land application, and to describe the diversity of viruses in human populations, shotgun viral metagenomics was applied to 10 sewage sludge samples from 5 wastewater treatment plants throughout the continental U.S, each serving between 100,000 and 1,000,000 people. Nearly 330 million DNA sequences were produced and assembled, and annotation resulted in identifying 43 (26 DNA, 17 RNA) different types of human viruses in sewage sludge. Novel insights include the high abundance of newly emerging viruses (e.g., Coronavirus HKU1, Klassevirus, and Cosavirus) the strong representation of respiratory viruses, and the relatively minor abundance and occurrence of Enteroviruses. Viral metagenome sequence annotations were reproducible and independent PCR-based identification of selected viruses suggests that viral metagenomes were a conservative estimate of the true viral occurrence and diversity. These results represent the most complete description of human virus diversity in any wastewater sample to date, provide engineers and environmental scientists with critical information on important viral agents and routes of infection from exposure to wastewater and sewage sludge, and represent a significant leap forward in understanding the pathogen content of class B biosolids.
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