ArticlePlant physiology2013
Monolignol pathway 4-coumaric acid:coenzyme A ligases in Populus trichocarpa: novel specificity, metabolic regulation, and simulation of coenzyme A ligation fluxes.
Article in Plant physiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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26 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- PbrMYB14 Enhances Pear Resistance toInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Targeted control of supporting pathways in paclitaxel biosynthesis with CRISPR-guided methylation.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Genome-edited rice deficient in two 4-COUMARATE:COENZYME A LIGASE genes displays diverse lignin alterations.Plant physiology · 2022Article
- Transcriptional Reactivation of Lignin Biosynthesis for the Heterologous Production of Etoposide Aglycone inACS synthetic biology · 2022Article
- Spatio-Temporal Modification of Lignin Biosynthesis in Plants: A Promising Strategy for Lignocellulose Improvement and Lignin Valorization.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Homo- and Hetero-Dimers of CAD Enzymes Regulate Lignification and Abiotic Stress Response in Moso Bamboo.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- A High-Throughput Screening System forFrontiers in plant science · 2021Article
- Enzyme Complexes of Ptr4CL and PtrHCT Modulate Co-enzyme A Ligation of Hydroxycinnamic Acids for Monolignol Biosynthesis inFrontiers in plant science · 2021Article
- 4-Coumaroyl-CoA ligases in the biosynthesis of the anti-diabetic metabolite montbretin A.PloS one · 2021Article
- BEL1-like Homeodomain Protein BLH6a Is a Negative Regulator ofFrontiers in plant science · 2021Article
- Compensatory Guaiacyl Lignin Biosynthesis at the Expense of Syringyl Lignin inPlant physiology · 2020Article
- Characterization of the Gh4CL gene family reveals a role of Gh4CL7 in drought tolerance.BMC plant biology · 2020Article
- Improving wood properties for wood utilization through multi-omics integration in lignin biosynthesis.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Enzyme-Enzyme Interactions in Monolignol Biosynthesis.Frontiers in plant science · 2018Review
- Assessing the impact of the 4CL enzyme complex on the robustness of monolignol biosynthesis using metabolic pathway analysis.PloS one · 2018Article
- Bioavailability of Carbohydrate Content in Natural and Transgenic Switchgrasses for the Extreme Thermophile Caldicellulosiruptor bescii.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2017Article
- Cloning, Functional Characterization and Site-Directed Mutagenesis of 4-Coumarate: Coenzyme A Ligase (4CL) Involved in Coumarin Biosynthesis inFrontiers in plant science · 2017Article
- Enzymatic activities for lignin monomer intermediates highlight the biosynthetic pathway of syringyl monomers in Robinia pseudoacacia.Journal of plant research · 2017Article
- Isolation and characterization of the 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL1) promoter fromPhysiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology · 2016Article
- 4-Coumarate-CoA Ligase-Like GeneFrontiers in plant science · 2016Article
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13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
4-Coumaric acid:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) is involved in monolignol biosynthesis for lignification in plant cell walls. It ligates coenzyme A (CoA) with hydroxycinnamic acids, such as 4-coumaric and caffeic acids, into hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA thioesters. The ligation ensures the activated state of the acid for reduction into monolignols. In Populus spp., it has long been thought that one monolignol-specific 4CL is involved. Here, we present evidence of two monolignol 4CLs, Ptr4CL3 and Ptr4CL5, in Populus trichocarpa. Ptr4CL3 is the ortholog of the monolignol 4CL reported for many other species. Ptr4CL5 is novel. The two Ptr4CLs exhibited distinct Michaelis-Menten kinetic properties. Inhibition kinetics demonstrated that hydroxycinnamic acid substrates are also inhibitors of 4CL and suggested that Ptr4CL5 is an allosteric enzyme. Experimentally validated flux simulation, incorporating reaction/inhibition kinetics, suggested two CoA ligation paths in vivo: one through 4-coumaric acid and the other through caffeic acid. We previously showed that a membrane protein complex mediated the 3-hydroxylation of 4-coumaric acid to caffeic acid. The demonstration here of two ligation paths requiring these acids supports this 3-hydroxylation function. Ptr4CL3 regulates both CoA ligation paths with similar efficiencies, whereas Ptr4CL5 regulates primarily the caffeic acid path. Both paths can be inhibited by caffeic acid. The Ptr4CL5-catalyzed caffeic acid metabolism, therefore, may also act to mitigate the inhibition by caffeic acid to maintain a proper ligation flux. A high level of caffeic acid was detected in stem-differentiating xylem of P. trichocarpa. Our results suggest that Ptr4CL5 and caffeic acid coordinately modulate the CoA ligation flux for monolignol biosynthesis.
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