Trial reportThe Journal of nutrition2013
Addition of carbohydrate or alanine to an essential amino acid mixture does not enhance human skeletal muscle protein anabolism.
Trial report in The Journal of nutrition, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00891696 (Nutritional and Contractile Regulation of Muscle Growth), which is not on this map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Nutritional and Contractile Regulation of Muscle Growth (Cycle 2)
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ingestion of a lipid-rich meat matrix blunts the postexercise increase of myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Consuming Whey Protein with Added Essential Amino Acids, Not Carbohydrate, Maintains Postexercise Anabolism While Underfed.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2025Trial
- No Significant Differences in Muscle Growth and Strength Development When Consuming Soy and Whey Protein Supplements Matched for Leucine Following a 12 Week Resistance Training Program in Men and Women: A Randomized Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- Whole body protein anabolism in COPD patients and healthy older adults is not enhanced by adding either carbohydrates or leucine to a serving of protein.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2019Trial
- Native Whey Induces Similar Post Exercise Muscle Anabolic Responses as Regular Whey, Despite Greater Leucinemia, in Elderly Individuals.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2019Trial
- The effect of milk on the attenuation of exercise-induced muscle damage in males and females.European journal of applied physiology · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Soy-dairy protein blend and whey protein ingestion after resistance exercise increases amino acid transport and transporter expression in human skeletal muscle.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2014Trial
- Multifactorial nature of anabolic resistance in ageing skeletal muscle: A systems modelling study.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Declines in muscle protein synthesis account for short-term muscle disuse atrophy in humans in the absence of increased muscle protein breakdown.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2022Article
- The Anabolic Response to Plant-Based Protein Ingestion.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Review
- Effect of the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine on mTORC1 activation and protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle.Nutrition & metabolism · 2021Article
- The effect of acute sleep deprivation on skeletal muscle protein synthesis and the hormonal environment.Physiological reports · 2021Article
- Article
- Nutrition Recommendations for Bodybuilders in the Off-Season: A Narrative Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Is an Energy Surplus Required to Maximize Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy Associated With Resistance Training.Frontiers in nutrition · 2019Review
- The muscle anabolic effect of protein ingestion during a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp in middle-aged women is not caused by leucine alone.The Journal of physiology · 2018Article
- Recent Perspectives Regarding the Role of Dietary Protein for the Promotion of Muscle Hypertrophy with Resistance Exercise Training.Nutrients · 2018Review
- "Nutraceuticals" in relation to human skeletal muscle and exercise.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2017Review
- Role of Ingested Amino Acids and Protein in the Promotion of Resistance Exercise-Induced Muscle Protein Anabolism.The Journal of nutrition · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In humans, essential amino acids (EAAs) stimulate muscle protein synthesis (MPS) with no effect on muscle protein breakdown (MPB). Insulin can stimulate MPS, and carbohydrates (CHOs) and insulin decrease MPB. Net protein balance (NB; indicator of overall anabolism) is greatest when MPS is maximized and MPB is minimized. To determine whether adding CHO or a gluconeogenic amino acid to EAAs would improve NB compared with EAA alone, young men and women (n = 21) ingested 10 g EAA alone, with 30 g sucrose (EAA+CHO), or with 30 g alanine (EAA+ALA). The fractional synthetic rate and phenylalanine kinetics (MPS, MPB, NB) were assessed by stable isotopic methods on muscle biopsies at baseline and 60 and 180 min following nutrient ingestion. Insulin increased 30 min postingestion in all groups and remained elevated in the EAA+CHO and EAA+ALA groups for 60 and 120 min, respectively. The fractional synthetic rate increased from baseline at 60 min in all groups (P < 0.05; EAA = 0.053 ± 0.018 to 0.090 ± 0.039% · h(-1); EAA+ALA = 0.051 ± 0.005 to 0.087 ± 0.015% · h(-1); EAA+CHO = 0.049 ± 0.006 to 0.115 ± 0.024% · h(-1)). MPS and NB peaked at 30 min in the EAA and EAA+CHO groups but at 60 min in the EAA+ALA group and NB was elevated above baseline longer in the EAA+ALA group than in the EAA group (P < 0.05). Although responses were more robust in the EAA+CHO group and prolonged in the EAA+ALA group, AUCs were similar among all groups for fractional synthetic rate, MPS, MPB, and NB. Because the overall muscle protein anabolic response was not improved in either the EAA+ALA or EAA+CHO group compared with EAA, we conclude that protein nutritional interventions to enhance muscle protein anabolism do not require such additional energy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.