ArticlePloS one2013
Multi-exposure and clustering of adverse childhood experiences, socioeconomic differences and psychotropic medication in young adults.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between adverse childhood experiences and health outcomes in adults aged 18-59 years.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Psychotropic medication trajectories around parental bereavement and their association with suicide mortality among adolescents and young adults, a Swedish nationwide cohort study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Effects of adverse childhood experiences and childhood socioeconomic disadvantage on youth depression: A scoping review.Journal of child and adolescent mental health · 2026Article
- Drug-Induced Deaths and Non-Fatal Poisonings in Youth-Associations With Household Adversities and Out-Of-Home Care.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Associations between specific and cumulative adverse childhood experiences, childhood obesity, and obesogenic behaviours.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Longitudinal influences of adverse childhood experience patterns on mental health among older Chinese people.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Early adversity and prosocial behavior in adolescents from Bogotá: a cross-sectional study.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2024Article
- Joint association of socioeconomic circumstances and minor mental health problems with antidepressant medication.European journal of public health · 2022Article
- Drivers of Inequalities among Families Involved with Child Welfare Services: A General Overview.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Child socioeconomic status, childhood adversity and adult socioeconomic status in a nationally representative sample of young adults.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Community Adversity and Utilization of Psychotropic Medications Among Children in Foster Care.The journal of behavioral health services & research · 2022Article
- Adverse childhood experiences and handgrip strength among middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study in China.BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
- Adverse childhood experiences and behavioral problems in early adolescence: An empirical study of chinese children.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Adverse Childhood Experiences and Subsequent Chronic Diseases Among Middle-aged or Older Adults in China and Associations With Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- A Systematic Review of the Prospective Relationship between Child Maltreatment and Chronic Pain.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Associations between adverse childhood experiences and migraine among teenage mothers in Peru.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2021Article
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- Expanding the Original Definition of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs).Journal of child & adolescent trauma · 2019Article
- The Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences Is Associated with Emotional and Behavioral Problems among Adolescents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeStressful childhood experiences have negative long-term health consequences. The present study examines the association between adverse childhood experiences, socioeconomic position, and risk of psychotropic medication in young adulthood.
methodsThis register-based cohort study comprises the birth cohorts between 1985 and 1988 in Sweden. We followed 362 663 individuals for use of psychotropic medication from January 2006 until December 2008. Adverse childhood experiences were severe criminality among parents, parental alcohol or drug abuse, social assistance recipiency, parental separation or single household, child welfare intervention before the age of 12, mentally ill or suicidal parents, familial death, and number of changes in place of residency. Estimates of risk of psychotropic medication were calculated as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression analysis.
resultsAdverse childhood experiences were associated with increased risks of psychotropic medication. The OR for more than three adverse childhood experiences and risk of psychotropic medication was for women 2.4 (95% CI 2.3-2.5) and for men 3.1 (95% CI 2.9-3.2). The risk of psychotropic medication increased with a higher rate of adverse childhood experiences, a relationship similar in all socioeconomic groups.
conclusionsAccumulation of adverse childhood experiences increases the risk of psychotropic medication in young adults. Parental educational level is of less importance when adjusting for adverse childhood experiences. The higher risk for future mental health problems among children from lower socioeconomic groups, compared to peers from more advantaged backgrounds, seems to be linked to a higher rate of exposure to adverse childhood experiences.
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