ArticlePloS one2012
Evaluating the hazard of foetal death following H1N1 influenza vaccination; a population based cohort study in the UK GPRD.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2024-25 Influenza Season.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2024Guideline
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022-23 Influenza Season.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2022Guideline
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2019-20 Influenza Season.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2019Guideline
- Effects of maternal influenza vaccination on adverse birth outcomes: A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- The safety of inactivated influenza vaccines in pregnancy for birth outcomes: a systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Pooled it
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices-United States, 2018-19 Influenza Season.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2018Guideline
- Medication use during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes in women with immune mediated inflammatory diseases: a UK-based matched cohort study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Maternal influenza vaccination and associated risk of fetal loss: A claims-based prospective cohort study.Vaccine · 2024Article
- Safety of components and platforms of COVID-19 vaccines considered for use in pregnancy: A rapid review.Vaccine · 2021Review
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2021-22 Influenza Season.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2021Article
- Safety of COVID-19 vaccines, their components or their platforms for pregnant women: A rapid review.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2021Article
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2020-21 Influenza Season.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2020Article
- Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3) during pregnancy and six-month infant development.Vaccine · 2020Article
- Inactivated influenza vaccine and spontaneous abortion in the Vaccine Safety Datalink in 2012-13, 2013-14, and 2014-15.Vaccine · 2019Article
- Immunogenicity and safety of subunit influenza vaccines in pregnant women.ERJ open research · 2018Article
- Association of spontaneous abortion with receipt of inactivated influenza vaccine containing H1N1pdm09 in 2010-11 and 2011-12.Vaccine · 2017Article
- Article
- Maternal vaccination for the prevention of influenza: current status and hopes for the future.Expert review of vaccines · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo evaluate the risk of foetal loss associated with pandemic influenza vaccination in pregnancy. Retrospective cohort study. UK General Practice Research Database Pregnancies ending in delivery or spontaneous foetal death after 21 October 2009 and starting before 01 January 2010. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsHazard ratios of foetal death for vaccinated compared to unvaccinated pregnancies were estimated for gestational weeks 9 to 12, 13 to 24 and 25 to 43 using discrete-time survival analysis. Separate models were specified to evaluate whether the potential effect of vaccination on foetal loss might be transient (for ~4 weeks post vaccination only) or more permanent (for the duration of the pregnancy). 39,863 pregnancies meeting our inclusion criteria contributed a total of 969,322 gestational weeks during the study period. 9,445 of the women were vaccinated before or during pregnancy. When the potential effect of vaccination was assumed to be transient, the hazard of foetal death during gestational weeks 9 through 12 (HR(unadj) 0.56; CI(95) 0.43 to 0.73) and 13 through 24 (HR(unadj) 0.45; CI(95) 0.28 to 0.73) was lower in the 4 weeks after vaccination than in other weeks. Where the more permanent exposure definition was specified, vaccinated pregnancies also had a lower hazard of foetal loss than unvaccinated pregnancies in gestational weeks 9 through 12 (HR(unadj) 0.74; CI(95) 0.62 to 0.88) and 13 through 24 (HR(unadj) 0.59; CI(95) 0.45 to 0.77). There was no difference in the hazard of foetal loss during weeks 25 to 43 in either model. Sensitivity analyses suggest the strong protective associations observed may be due in part to unmeasured confounding. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Influenza vaccination during pregnancy does not appear to increase the risk of foetal death. This study therefore supports the continued recommendation of influenza vaccination of pregnant women.
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