ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
A vector-free microfluidic platform for intracellular delivery.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 214 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
214 citing papers in PubMed, 481 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protein Modifications for Cellular Protein Delivery.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial transfer technologies with molecular insights into clinical applications.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2026Review
- Quantitative Analysis of Plasmid DNA Distribution and Transgene Expression Following Cell Squeezing.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Exploiting Device Deformability for Fluid and Particle Manipulation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and Strategies for Enhancing DNA Nuclear Entry in Gene Delivery.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2026Article
- A parametric study of mechanoporation through microfluidic design to modulate shear, compressive, and adhesion forces and loading rates.Lab on a chip · 2026Article
- Vector-free DNA transfection by nuclear envelope mechanoporation.Lab on a chip · 2026Article
- Workflows for stable cell line generation: Chemical transfection and viral transduction.Molecules and cells · 2026Article
- Parallelized droplet microfluidic mechanoporation enables robust and clogging-resistant intracellular gene delivery.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Article
- Integrated Size-Selective Cell Purification and Electroporation for Genetic Manipulation of Primary Cells.Micromachines · 2026Article
- Article
- Precision acoustofluidics for high-throughput mechanobiology in suspension cells.Science advances · 2026Article
- Physical stimuli-responsive CRISPR-Cas9 systems for spatiotemporally precise control of genome engineering.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Enhancing cancer therapyLab on a chip · 2025Article
- The Rise of Mechanobiology for Advanced Cell Engineering and Manufacturing.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Nanoparticle deposition to a cell transiting through a soft tissue: three-dimensional simulation and Lagrangian coherent structure dynamics.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Miniaturized scalable arrayed CRISPR screening in primary cells enables discovery at the single donor resolution.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Aging on Chip: Harnessing the Potential of Microfluidic Technologies in Aging and Rejuvenation Research.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Temporal and spatial omics technologies for 4D profiling.Nature methods · 2025Review
- Intradermal Injection of a Protein Alone Without Additional Adjuvants Using a Needle-Free Pyro-Drive Jet Injector Induces Potent CD8International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
154 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of macromolecules is a challenge in research and therapeutic applications. Existing vector-based and physical methods have limitations, including their reliance on exogenous materials or electrical fields, which can lead to toxicity or off-target effects. We describe a microfluidic approach to delivery in which cells are mechanically deformed as they pass through a constriction 30-80% smaller than the cell diameter. The resulting controlled application of compression and shear forces results in the formation of transient holes that enable the diffusion of material from the surrounding buffer into the cytosol. The method has demonstrated the ability to deliver a range of material, such as carbon nanotubes, proteins, and siRNA, to 11 cell types, including embryonic stem cells and immune cells. When used for the delivery of transcription factors, the microfluidic devices produced a 10-fold improvement in colony formation relative to electroporation and cell-penetrating peptides. Indeed, its ability to deliver structurally diverse materials and its applicability to difficult-to-transfect primary cells indicate that this method could potentially enable many research and clinical applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.