ArticleThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2013
Safety of perinatal exposure to antiretroviral medications: developmental outcomes in infants.
Article in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01310023 (Surveillance Monitoring for ART Toxicities Study in HIV Uninfected Children Born to HIV Infected Women), which is not on this map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Surveillance Monitoring for ART Toxicities Study in HIV Uninfected Children Born to HIV Infected Women
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early neurodevelopment of HIV-exposed uninfected children in the era of antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2022Pooled it
- Prenatal exposure to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and birth, growth, and social-emotional developmental outcomes throughout early childhood in Kenya: a prospective cohort study.The Lancet. Global health · 2025Trial
- Pediatric Neurodevelopmental Functioning After In Utero Exposure to Triple-NRTI vs. Dual-NRTI + PI ART in a Randomized Trial, Botswana.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Trial
- Neurodevelopmental outcomes in HIV-exposed-uninfected children versus those not exposed to HIV.AIDS care · 2014Trial
- Effect of Caregiver Training on the Neurodevelopment of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children and Caregiver Mental Health: A Ugandan Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPTrial
- Hearing Measures in Children Perinatally HIV-exposed and Uninfected in the PHACS SMARTT Study.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2026Article
- Maternal Use of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors During Pregnancy and Infant Neurodevelopment.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Brief Report: Prenatal Antiretroviral Exposure and Concomitant Neurodevelopmental Problems Among 5-Year-Old Children Who Are HIV-Exposed and Uninfected.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- CEST MRI detects antiretroviral drug toxicities in the developing mouse brain.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Care of the Child Perinatally Exposed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Clinics in perinatology · 2024Review
- Perinatal exposure to atazanavir-based antiretroviral regimens in a mouse model leads to differential long-term motor and cognitive deficits dependent on the NRTI backbone.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Antiretroviral Options and Treatment Decisions During Pregnancy.Paediatric drugs · 2023Review
- The impact of correlated exposures and missing data on multiple informant models used to identify critical exposure windows.Statistics in medicine · 2023Article
- In Utero Antiretroviral Exposure and Risk of Neurodevelopmental Problems in HIV-Exposed Uninfected 5-Year-Old Children.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2023Article
- Antiretroviral Therapy and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in People Living with HIV.The New England journal of medicine · 2023Review
- Evaluating Neurodevelopmental Consequences of Perinatal Exposure to Antiretroviral Drugs: Current Challenges and New Approaches.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2021Review
- An International Prospective Cohort Study of HIV and Zika in Infants and Pregnancy (HIV ZIP): Study Protocol.Frontiers in global women's health · 2021Article
- Developmental outcomes of HIV-exposed infants in a low-income South African context.African health sciences · 2020Article
- Neurodevelopment of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants Born to Women With Perinatally Acquired HIV in the United States.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study evaluated effects of perinatal exposure to antiretroviral (ARV) medications on neurodevelopment of HIV-exposed, uninfected infants.
methodsHIV-exposed, uninfected infants (age 9-15 months) enrolled in Surveillance Monitoring for Antiretroviral Therapy Toxicities, a multisite prospective surveillance study, completed the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition (Bayley-III), assessing cognition, language, motor skills, social-emotional development and adaptive behavior. Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between Bayley-III outcomes in infants with and without perinatal and neonatal ARV exposure, by regimen (combination ARV [cARV] versus non-cARV), type of regimen (defined by drug class) and individual ARVs (for infants with cARV exposure), adjusting for maternal and infant health and demographic covariates.
resultsAs of May 2010, 374 infants had valid Bayley-III evaluations. Median age at testing was 12.7 months; 49% male, 79% black and 16% Hispanic. Seventy-nine percent were exposed to regimens containing protease inhibitors (9% of protease inhibitor-containing regimens also included non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors), 5% to regimens containing non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (without protease inhibitor) and 14% to regimens containing only nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Overall, 83% were exposed to cARV. No Bayley-III outcome was significantly associated with overall exposure to cARV, ARV regimen or neonatal prophylaxis. For individual ARVs, following sensitivity analyses, the adjusted group mean on the Language domain was within age expectations but significantly lower for infants with perinatal exposure to atazanavir (P = 0.01).
conclusionsThese results support the safety of perinatal ARV use. Continued monitoring for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in older children is warranted, and the safety of atazanavir merits further study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.