ReviewBrain research2013
Progesterone-induced neuroprotection: factors that may predict therapeutic efficacy.
Review in Brain research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differential effects of hormone therapy formulations on Parkinson's disease risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Hormone Therapy on Cognition and Mood in Recently Postmenopausal Women: Findings from the Randomized, Controlled KEEPS-Cognitive and Affective Study.PLoS medicine · 2015Trial
- Investigating the potential neuroprotective benefits of taurine and Dihydrotestosterone and Hydroxyprogesterone levels in SH-SY5Y cells.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Evaluating the Cognitive Impacts of Drospirenone, a Spironolactone-Derived Progestin, Independently and in Combination With Ethinyl Estradiol in Ovariectomized Adult Rats.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- State-of-the-art review of the clinical research on menopause and hormone replacement therapy association with Parkinson's disease: What meta-analysis studies cannot tell us.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- From Menopause to Neurodegeneration-Molecular Basis and Potential Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Association between menopausal hormone therapy and risk of neurodegenerative diseases: Implications for precision hormone therapy.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 2021Article
- Ovarian hormones ameliorate memory impairment, cholinergic deficit, neuronal apoptosis and astrogliosis in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2016Article
- Trajectories and phenotypes with estrogen exposures across the lifespan: What does Goldilocks have to do with it?Hormones and behavior · 2015Article
- Regulation of object recognition and object placement by ovarian sex steroid hormones.Behavioural brain research · 2015Review
- Effect of progesterone intervention on the dynamic changes of AQP-4 in hypoxic-ischaemic brain damage.International journal of clinical and experimental medicine · 2015Article
- Progesterone reduces inflammation and apoptosis in neonatal rats with hypoxic ischemic brain damage through the PI3K/Akt pathway.International journal of clinical and experimental medicine · 2015Article
- Sex Hormones Regulate Cytoskeletal Proteins Involved in Brain Plasticity.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2015Review
- Progesterone alleviates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury via the Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2014Article
- Premature menopause and risk of neurological disease: basic mechanisms and clinical implications.Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2014Review
- Effects of progesterone on hippocampal ultrastructure and expression of inflammatory mediators in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2014Article
- Morphological changes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of aging female marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).BioMed research international · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Both progesterone and estradiol have well-described neuroprotective effects against numerous insults in a variety of cell culture models, animal models and in humans. However, the efficacy of these hormones may depend on a variety of factors, including the type of hormone used (ex. progesterone versus medroxyprogesterone acetate), the duration of the postmenopausal period prior to initiating the hormone intervention, and potentially, the age of the subject. The latter two factors relate to the proposed existence of a "window of therapeutic opportunity" for steroid hormones in the brain. While such a window of opportunity has been described for estrogen, there is a paucity of information to address whether such a window of opportunity exists for progesterone and its related progestins. Here, we review known cellular mechanisms likely to underlie the protective effects of progesterone and furthermore, describe key differences in the neurobiology of progesterone and the synthetic progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Based on the latter, we offer a model that defines some of the key cellular and molecular players that predict the neuroprotective efficacy of progesterone. Accordingly, we suggest how changes in the expression or function of these cellular and molecular targets of progesterone with age or prolonged duration of hormone withdrawal (such as following surgical or natural menopause) may impact the efficacy of progesterone. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Hormone Therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.