ArticleBMC nephrology2013
Serum galectin-9 levels are elevated in the patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
Article in BMC nephrology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protein biomarkers of cardiac remodeling and inflammation associated with HFpEF and incident events.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- An Emerging Role of TIM3 Expression on T Cells in Chronic Kidney Inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Soluble Immune Checkpoints and Anti-HLA Antibodies in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Associations With Kidney Function.Immunology · 2026Article
- Galectin-9Aging cell · 2026Article
- The effect of different combinations of flaxseed, melatonin, gum acacia, and betaine on diabetic rats with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Exploring immunological alterations of B cells in peripheral immunity via single-cell RNA sequencing: insights into primary membranous nephropathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Targeted Proteomics Reveals Functional Targets for Early Diabetes Susceptibility in Young Adults.Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine · 2024Article
- Antiretroviral Treatment-Induced Galectin-9 Might Impact HIV Viremia in Addition to Contributing to Inflammaging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Inhibition of Galectins and the P2X7 Purinergic Receptor as a Therapeutic Approach in the Neurovascular Inflammation of Diabetic Retinopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Do Serum Galectin-9 Levels in Women with Gestational Diabetes and Healthy Ones Differ before or after Delivery? A Pilot Study.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Macrophage polarization markers in subcutaneous, pericardial, and epicardial adipose tissue are altered in patients with coronary heart disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Galectin-9 expression on tumour-associated immune cells is associated with favourable clinicopathological features and better outcomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland) · 2023Article
- Dysfunction of circulating CD3International journal of medical sciences · 2023Article
- Kidney Injury Biomarkers in Leptospirosis.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2023Review
- The interplay of galectins-1, -3, and -9 in the immune-inflammatory response underlying cardiovascular and metabolic disease.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Review
- Discovery of four plasmatic biomarkers potentially predicting cardiovascular outcome in peripheral artery disease.Scientific reports · 2022Observational
- Tim-3 Expression Causes NK Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Galectin-9 Triggers Neutrophil-Mediated Anticancer Immunity.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Plasma galectin-9 as a predictor of adverse non-AIDS events in persons with chronic HIV during suppressive antiretroviral therapy.AIDS (London, England) · 2021Article
- High Levels of the Cleaved Form of Galectin-9 and Osteopontin in the Plasma Are Associated with Inflammatory Markers That Reflect the Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGalectin-9 (Gal-9) induces apoptosis in activated T helper 1 (TH1) cells as a ligand for T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3). Gal-9 also inhibits the G1 phase cell cycle arrest and hypertrophy in db/db mice, the hallmark of early diabetic nephropathy, by reversing the high glucose-induced up-regulation of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors such as p27(Kip1) and p21(Cip1).
methodsWe investigated the serum levels of Gal-9 in the patients with type 2 diabetes and various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (n=182).
resultsSerum Gal-9 levels in the patients with type 2 diabetes were 131.9 ± 105.4 pg/ml and Log(10)Gal-9 levels significantly and positively correlated with age (r=0.227, p=0.002), creatinine (r=0.175, p=0.018), urea nitrogen (r=0.162, p=0.028) and osmotic pressure (r=0.187, p=0.014) and negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r=-0.188, p=0.011). Log(10)Gal-9 levels increased along with the progression of GFR categories of G1 to G4, and they were statistically significant by Jonckheere-Terpstra test (p=0.012). Log(10)Gal-9 levels remained similar levels in albuminuria stages of A1 to A3.
conclusionThe elevation of serum Gal-9 in the patients with type 2 diabetes is closely linked to GFR and they may be related to the alteration of the immune response and inflammation of the patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD.
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