ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2013
The twenty-year story of a plant-based vaccine against hepatitis B: stagnation or promising prospects?
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advancing Global Hepatitis B Elimination: The Case for Using Maize as a Low-Cost, Heat-Stable, and Scalable Oral Vaccine.Vaccines · 2026Review
- The "humanized" N-glycosylation pathway in CRISPR/Cas9-edited Nicotiana benthamiana significantly enhances the immunogenicity of a S/preS1 Hepatitis B Virus antigen and the virus-neutralizing antibody response in vaccinated mice.Plant biotechnology journal · 2023Article
- Plant-made vaccines against viral diseases in humans and farm animals.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Review
- Plant-Derived Human Vaccines: Recent Developments.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2022Review
- Producing Vaccines against Enveloped Viruses in Plants: Making the Impossible, Difficult.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Novel approaches for the design, delivery and administration of vaccine technologies.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2019Review
- A Preliminary Study of a Lettuce-Based Edible Vaccine Expressing the Cysteine Proteinase ofFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Mucosal vaccine delivery: Current state and a pediatric perspective.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2016Review
- The Last Ten Years of Advancements in Plant-Derived Recombinant Vaccines against Hepatitis B.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Review
- Plant-based vaccines against viruses.Virology journal · 2014Review
- Pollen grains for oral vaccination.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2014Article
- Freeze-drying of plant tissue containing HBV surface antigen for the oral vaccine against hepatitis B.BioMed research international · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatitis B persists as a common human disease despite effective vaccines having been employed for almost 30 years. Plants were considered as alternative sources of vaccines, to be mainly orally administered. Despite 20-year attempts, no real anti-HBV plant-based vaccine has been developed. Immunization trials, based on ingestion of raw plant tissue and conjugated with injection or exclusively oral administration of lyophilized tissue, were either impractical or insufficient due to oral tolerance acquisition. Plant-produced purified HBV antigens were highly immunogenic when injected, but their yields were initially insufficient for practical purposes. However, knowledge and technology have progressed, hence new plant-derived anti-HBV vaccines can be proposed today. All HBV antigens can be efficiently produced in stable or transient expression systems. Processing of injection vaccines has been developed and needs only to be successfully completed. Purified antigens can be used for injection in an equivalent manner to the present commercial vaccines. Although oral vaccines require improvement, plant tissue, lyophilized or extracted and converted into tablets, etc., may serve as a boosting vaccine. Preliminary data indicate also that both vaccines can be combined in an effective parenteral-oral immunization procedure. A partial substitution of injection vaccines with oral formulations still offers good prospects for economically viable and efficacious anti-HBV plant-based vaccines.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.