ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2013
Persistence of the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus on N95 respirators.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decontamination and reuse of N95 filtering facemask respirators: A systematic review of the literature.American journal of infection control · 2020Pooled it
- From Surfaces to Spillover: Environmental Persistence and Indirect Transmission of Influenza A(H3N8) Virus.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Infectivity duration of HCoV-OC43, a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2, in artificial bodily fluids on stainless steel simulating common nonporous surfaces.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Variability in Donor Lung Culture and Relative Humidity Impact the Stability of 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus on Nonporous Surfaces.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- A Novel Vision of Reinforcing Nanofibrous Masks with Metal Nanoparticles: Antiviral Mechanisms Investigation.Advanced fiber materials · 2023Review
- Biodegradable Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes as Promising Candidates for the Development of Face Masks.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Ecological Barrier Deterioration Driven by Human Activities Poses Fatal Threats to Public Health due to Emerging Infectious Diseases.Engineering (Beijing, China) · 2022Review
- Liquid-Immersion Reprocessing Effects on Filtration Efficiency of 'Single-Use' Commercial Medical Face Masks.Annals of work exposures and health · 2022Article
- Hydrogen peroxide vapor decontamination of N95 respirators for reuse.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2022Article
- What We Are Learning from COVID-19 for Respiratory Protection: Contemporary and Emerging Issues.Polymers · 2021Review
- Decontamination of respirators amid shortages due to SARS-CoV-2.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2021Review
- Room Temperature Wait and Reuse for Bioburden Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 on N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators.Applied biosafety : journal of the American Biological Safety Association · 2021Review
- Analysis of Taiwan's Mask Collection and Plan Evasion during the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Study on the decay characteristics and transmission risk of respiratory viruses on the surface of objects.Environmental research · 2021Article
- Stability of SARS-CoV-2 on critical personal protective equipment.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Current understanding of the surface contamination and contact transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare settings.Environmental chemistry letters · 2021Review
- Reusing and/or reprocessing the N95 face respirator mask or equivalent: An integrative review.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2021Review
- Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on surfaces in New York City.Journal of global health · 2021Article
- Mask shortage during epidemics and pandemics: a scoping review of interventions to overcome limited supply.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Humidity and Deposition Solution Play a Critical Role in Virus Inactivation by Heat Treatment of N95 Respirators.mSphere · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the United States, the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus (pH1N1) infected almost 20% of the population and caused >200,000 hospitalizations and >10,000 deaths from April 2009 to April 2010. On 24 April 2009, the CDC posted interim guidance on infection control measures in health care settings explicitly for pH1N1 and recommended using filtering face respirators (FFRs) when in close contact with a suspected- or confirmed-to-be-infected individual, particularly when performing aerosol-generating procedures. The persistence and infectivity of pH1N1 were evaluated on FFRs, specifically N95 respirators, under various conditions of absolute humidity (AH) (4.1 × 10(5) mPa, 6.5 × 10(5) mPa, and 14.6 × 10(5) mPa), sample matrices (2% fetal bovine serum [FBS], 5 mg/ml mucin, and viral medium), and times (4, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 144 h). pH1N1 was distributed onto N95 coupons (3.8 to 4.2 cm(2)) and extracted by a vortex-centrifugation-filtration process, and the ability of the remaining virus to replicate was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the log10 concentration of the infectious virus per coupon. Overall, pH1N1 remained infectious for 6 days, with an approximately 1-log10 loss of virus concentrations over this time period. Time and AH both affected virus survival. We found significantly higher (P ≤ 0.01) reductions in virus concentrations at time points beyond 24 to 72 h (-0.52-log10 reduction) and 144 h (-0.74) at AHs of 6.5 × 10(5) mPa (-0.53) and 14.6 × 10(5) mPa (-0.47). This research supports discarding respirators after close contact with a person with suspected or confirmed influenza infection due to the virus's demonstrated ability to persist and remain infectious.
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Registered trials
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